This paper addresses the problem of language modeling for the transcription of broadcast news data. Different approaches for language model training were explored and tested in the context of a complete transcription system. Language model efficiency was investigated for the following aspects: mixing of different training material (sources and epoch); approach for mixing (interpolation vs count...

This paper describes our recent work on the development of a largevocabulary, speaker-independent, continuous speech recognition system for Cantonese-English code-mixing utterances. The details of both acoustic modeling and language modeling will be discussed. For acoustic modeling, Cantonese accents in English words are handled by applying cross-lingual acoustic units, as well as modifications...

Cerebral lesions may alter the capability of bilingual subjects to separate their languages and use each language in appropriate contexts. Patients who show pathological mixing intermingle different languages within a single utterance. By contrast, patients affected by pathological switching alternate their languages across different utterances (a self contained segment of speech that stands on...

In the present communication-based society, no natural language seems to have been left untouched by the trends of code-mixing. For different communicative purposes, a language uses linguistic codes from other languages. This gives rise to a mixed language which is neither totally the host language nor the foreign language. The mixed language poses a new challenge to the problem of machine tran...

Statistical language model is very important to speech recognition. To a system of special topic, domain dependent language model is much better than general model. There are two problems in traditional method to train topic dependent model: 1. The corpus of special topic is not as enough as general corpus. 2. An individual article always relates to more than one topics, traditional method has ...

Ontology-enabled medical information systems are used in Sub-Saharan Africa, which require localisation of Semantic Web technologies, such as ontology verbalisation, yet keeping a link with the English language-based systems. In realising this, we zoom in on the partwhole relations that are ubiquitous in medical ontologies, and the isiZulu language. The analysis of part-whole relations in isiZu...

Flavor mixing and the quark mass spectrum are intimately related. In view of the observed strong hierarchy of the quark and lepton masses and of the flavor mixing angles it is argued that the description of flavor mixing must take this into account. One particular interesting way to describe the flavor mixing emerges, which is particularly suited for models of quark mass matrices based on flavo...

The purpose of this research is to determine the form code mixing used in WhatsApp group conversations among Indonesian students at Al-Azhar University Egypt and factors causing their conversations. This literary using qualitative approach. data obtained are analyzed sociolinguistic theories, especially code-mixing. objects consist words sentences found data, sentences, taken from named Sufara-...