We discuss the influence of large scale cosmic magnetic fields on the propagation of hadronic cosmic rays above 10 eV based on large scale structure simulations. Our simulations suggest that rather substantial deflection up to several tens of degrees at 10 eV are possible for nucleon primaries. Further, spectra and composition of cosmic rays from individual sources can depend on magnetic fields...

In this paper, we identify the Young’s modulus and residual stress state of a free-standing thin aluminum membrane, used in MEMS radio-frequency (rf) switches. We have developed a new methodology that combines a membrane deflection experiment (MDE) and three-dimensional numerical simulations. Wafer-level MDE tests were conducted with a commercially available nanoindenter. The accuracy and usefu...

Optical packet-switched (OPS) network is a strong candidate for the future Optical Internet. In this paper, we study packet aggregation and deflection routing as employed in OPS networks on the performance of upper layer Internet protocols represented by TCP and UDP. Regarding packet aggregation schemes, we study no aggregation, mixed-flow aggregation, and per-flow aggregation. Our results show...