The reorganization of cranial cartilages during tadpole metamorphosis is a set of complex processes. The fates of larval cartilage-forming cells (chondrocytes) and sources of adult chondrocytes are largely unknown. Individual larval cranial cartilages may either degenerate or remodel, while many adult cartilages appear to form de novo during metamorphosis. Determining the extent to which adult ...

ryngeal morbidity, such as hoarseness, submucosal hemorrhage, subglottic edema, laryngitis, and arytenoid cartilage dislocation [1,2]. Among others, hoarseness is reported as the most common laryngeal morbidity after general anesthesia, with widely varying incidence from 16% to 55% [3]. However, it is generally resolved within a few days, unless accompanied by serious complications, such as ary...

BACKGROUND Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that may affect multiple cartilage throughout the body. CASE REPORT We report on a middle-aged man presented with cough, chest tightness, and fever of unknown origin, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) was performed. And the imaging shows multiple incre...

The larynx or voice box is a cylindrical space which lies at the upper end of the trachea opposite to the 3—6 cervical cartilages. It is a cartilaginous structure made up of 6 different types of cartilages. Major cartilages forming the framework of the larynx are thyroid, cricoid and epiglottis. The unpaired cartilages are three in number, namely arytenoids, corniculate and cuneiform. Cricoid c...

The larynx or voice box is a cylindrical space which lies at the upper end of the trachea opposite to the 3—6 cervical cartilages. It is a cartilaginous structure made up of 6 different types of cartilages. Major cartilages forming the framework of the larynx are thyroid, cricoid and epiglottis. The unpaired cartilages are three in number, namely arytenoids, corniculate and cuneiform. Cricoid c...

INTRODUCTION Clinical staging is the most important time in management of glottic cancer in early stage (I-II). We have conducted a prospective study to evaluate if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more accurate than computed tomography (CT) about tumoral extension, to exactly choose the most appropriate surgical approach, from organ preservation surgery to demolitive surgery. MATERIALS and ...

The most common cause of stridor and dyspnea in infants is LM. The nominal derivation of this congenital condition arises from the Greek word “malakia”, which refers to morbid softening of an organ part. It has been sub-classified into 3 primary variants: Type 1 is characterized by antero-medial prolapse or collapse of the bodies of the arytenoid cartilages over the laryngeal inlet. In Type 2, ...

Deglutitive airway protective mechanisms include glottal closure, epiglottal descent, and anterosuperior displacement of the larynx. Aspiration of swallowed material may occur during the pre-, intra-, or postpharyngeal phase of swallowing. Our objectives were to determine the relative contribution of the airway protective mechanisms during each phase of swallow in 14 decerebrated cats before an...

PURPOSE Creation of a tunneled mucosal shunt between the trachea and pharynx that is controlled by remaining intrinsic laryngeal musculature with its nerve supply is an acceptable voice restoration procedure for advanced T3 and T4 laryngeal cancer. Such a tunnel will allow unilateral direction of air from lung to pharynx during phonation and will prevent aspiration since deglutition is a vagal ...