A new approach is proposed to evaluate the non-limit active earth pressure in c–? soil based on horizontal slices method and limit equilibrium method, which takes into account arching effect, displacement, mobilized friction angle, tension cracks, shear stress of layer. The accuracy was demonstrated by comparing experimental results other theoretical methods. comparison showed that appropriate ...

in this study, hydraulic properties of low pressure drip irrigation systems were studied under laboratory conditions and using of the pipes that exist in iran. therefore, effect of various heads from 0.45 to 1.8m was evaluated for lateral pipe with outside diameter 32mm and length of 16, 30, 60 and also the lateral pipe with length 16 and outside diameter of 16, 20, 25 and 32mm, on hydraulic ch...

New and existing components of retaining structures are often combined in the width section. When combining design use requirements new structures, synergistic interactions between working conditions require clarification. In conjunction with an actual project, a sheet pile wall consisting is proposed to retain embankment. Indoor model tests were carried out simulate excavation compaction inves...

First principle calculations were performed to investigate structural, IR, and elastic properties of hydrous ringwoodite and their evolution with pressure up to 36 GPa. Hydrogen defects are introduced by creating Mgor Si-vacancies Mg1.875H0.25SiO4, Mg1.75H0.5SiO4 and Mg2Si0.875H0.5O4. Energy considerations imply that the Mg-vacancy coupled substitution will be the easiest to form, but, in the E...