Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) represents the main restraint against lateral patellar displacement. The MPFL insertion at the patella is up to 30 mm wide and is located along the upper half of the medial patellar rim. The femoral insertion of the MPFL is approximately 10 mm distal to the apex of the adductor tubercle and 16 mm proximal to the medial epicondyle. Since most of the patients...

Osteochondral fracture (OCF) in the weight-bearing surface of the lateral femoral condyle, associated with patellar dislocation, is an uncommon lesion. We report three cases of acute lateral patellar dislocation with large OCF in the weight-bearing portion of the lateral femoral condyle. In patients with lateral patella dislocation or lateral femoral condyle OCF, careful physical examination, r...

Thirty patients with 49 snapping hips and patellar malalignment underwent surgical release of the iliotibial tract contracture over the trochanteric area. Minimal follow-up was 2 years (average 4.6 years, range: 2-9 years). Eight patients underwent computed tomography (CT) preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively to investigate the patellar location in the patellofemoral articulation with kne...

The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between patellar alignment by using magnetic resonance imaging images and radiographic manifestations of patello-femoral osteoarthritis (OA). Subjects were recruited to participate in a natural history study of symptomatic knee OA. We examined the relation of patellar alignment in the sagittal plane (patellar length ratio (PLR)) and the trans...

Optimal patellar tracking and component alignment are important in achieving a well-functioning total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The patella is constrained partly by design of the prosthetic trochlear groove, and patellar tracking is governed by a combination of static and dynamic factors. Maltracking may result from excessive or unbalanced tension in the surrounding soft tissues. This article de...

Prolonged dislocation of the patella is a rare condition and is often related to severe osteoarthritis (OA) of the femorotibial (FT) joint. For this condition's treatment, numerous surgical techniques using total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been published. To the best of our knowledge, this case report is the first description of the use of lateral release alone to treat recurrent patellar sub...

Introduction Patellofemoral (PF) pain syndrome is one of the most common problems of the knee. Typical symptoms are anterior knee pain, exacerbated by activities such as stair descent, prolonged sitting and squatting. Patellar maltracking is generally accepted as a leading cause of PF pain (PFP). However, effective intervention has been hampered because the mechanical factors related to PFP are...

Patellofemoral instability is related to anatomy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides anatomic detail, but spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) imaging during isometric quadriceps contraction provides objective functional data for diagnosing patellofemoral laxity. Knee MRI studies and medical charts of 398 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Two independent blinded observers evaluated the kne...

A 15-year-old girl presented with a primary lateral patella dislocationof her left knee after she slippedoff a starting block and struck the medial aspect of her knee. No reduction was required, the patellar dislocation spontaneously reducedwith gentle knee extension prior to evaluation. Patellofemoral anatomy measurements demonstrated an Insall–Salvati ratio of 1.5, a Caton–Deschamps index of ...