For some crimes the entire law enforcement process can now be automated. No humans are needed to detect the crime, identify the perpetrator, or impose punishment. While automated systems are cheap and efficient, governments and citizens must look beyond these obvious savings as manual labor is replaced by robots and computers. Inefficiency and indeterminacy have significant value in automated l...

THIS PAPER OUTLINES THE LAW ENFORCEMENT ACCESS NETWORK (LEAN) proposal recently announced by the Commonwealth Government. The proposal arose as a direct consequence of the Commonwealth Government’s acceptance of the recommendations in 1987 of the white paper entitled Review of Systems for Dealing with Fraud on the Commonwealth (Australia 1987). A description of the Commonwealth’s campaign again...

Police trainees who were ready to graduate from the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) volunteered to participate in an exercise designed to evaluate their survivability. In a highly stressful interactive scenario, which included a hostage situation during a staged domestic dispute, performance was evaluated for a range of responses, including: weapon malfunction, shooting judgment...

This study examines law enforcement dilemmas in child pornography possession investigations in which no offender was arrested. A mail survey of US law enforcement agencies identified a sample of Internet child pornography possession cases where no arrest was made. Telephone surveys with law enforcement investigators were used to collect casespecific data and information on dilemmas in these inv...

Until a few decades ago, the police were mainly a reactive bureaucratic organization that moved from one criminal event to the next, according to the degree to which the outside world required its services. Since then the police have abandoned the emphasis on law enforcement with regards to petty crime and public order. More recently the police have developed community policing as an important ...

Law enforcement is decentralized. It is so despite documented interjurisdictional externalities which would justify its centralization. To explain this fact, we construct a political economy model of law enforcement. Under decentralization, law enforcement in each region is in accord with the preferences of regional citizens, but interjurisdictional externalities are neglected. Under centraliza...

For over 15 years the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) has been a leading donor for harm reduction projects in Southeast Asia. The recent AusAID-supported harm reduction projects of greatest significance have included the Asia Regional HIV/AIDS Project (AHRP), from 2002 until 2007,1 and the HIV/AIDS Asia Regional Program (HAARP), from 2007 until 2015.2 Both projects incl...

WMD proliferation tends to be regarded as falling squarely in the domain of diplomatic/military affairs; rarely is a proliferation problem handled exclusively or even primarily as a law enforcement matter. This essay asserts that international law enforcement need not displace nonlegal responses to proliferation, but criminal law mechanisms should be available at maximum strength; their absence...

This paper develops a theory of the incompleteness of law. It argues that law is inherently incomplete and that the incompleteness of law has important implications for the design of lawmaking and law enforcement institutions. When law is incomplete, residual lawmaking rights must be allocated. In addition, agents have to be vested with law enforcement rights. We analyze the optimal allocation ...