Big Bang is the widely accepted model of the beginning of our cosmos some 13.7 billion years ago from a single point source into its present-day expansion which is continuing at an unexplained accelerating rate. All known physical processes in our universe are governed by the laws of thermodynamics, except for the moment of creation which defies the conservation of energy even though the cosmos...

Thermodynamics is the old science that describes the flow of energy in systems with many atoms. Works started by Carnot, Kelvin and Clausius showed that these laws are very general. This universality led to the formulation of the first and second law of thermodynamics, that apply to a vast amount of systems, such as gases and crystals. During half a century there was still a problem with the ap...

Life in the universe originated and is evolving in accordance with the general laws of nature, specifically, the law of temporal hierarchies and the second law of thermodynamics.

Starting from the most general formulation of stochastic thermodynamics—i.e. a thermodynamically consistent nonautonomous stochastic dynamics describing systems in contact with several reservoirs—, we de€ne a procedure to identify the conservative and the minimal set of nonconservative contributions in the entropy production. Œe former is expressed as the di‚erence between changes caused by tim...

The purpose of this note is to see to what extent ideal gas laws can be obtained from simple Newtonian mechanics, specifically elastic collisions. We present simple one-dimensional situations that seem to validate the laws. The first section describes a numerical simulation that demonstrates the second law of thermodynamics. The second section mathematically demonstrates the adiabatic law of ex...

Since they represent fundamental physical properties in turbulence (conservation laws, wall laws, Kolmogorov energy spectrum, . . . ), symmetries are used to analyse common turbulence models. A class of symmetry preserving turbulence models is proposed. This class is refined such that the models respect the second law of thermodynamics. Finally, an example of model belonging to the class is num...

The relation between Thermodynamics and Economics is a paramount issue in Ecological Economics. Two different levels can be distinguished when discussing it: formal and substantive. At the formal level, a mathematical framework is used to describe both thermodynamic and economic systems. At the substantive level, thermodynamic laws are applied to economic processes. In Ecological Economics, the...