BACKGROUND Careful observation of the longitudinal course of bipolar disorders is pivotal to finding optimal treatments and improving outcome. A useful tool is the daily prospective Life-Chart Method, developed by the National Institute of Mental Health. However, it remains unclear whether the patient version is as valid as the clinician version. METHODS We compared the patient-rated version ...

The locus ceruleus (LC) can exhibit tonic or phasic activity and release norepinephrine (NE) throughout the cortex, modulating cellular excitability and synaptic efficacy and thus influencing behavioral performance. We study the effects of LC-NE modulation on decision making in two-alternative forced-choice tasks by changing conductances in a biophysical neural network model, and we investigate...

From an evolutionary perspective, perception and memory are fundamental capacities of living beings providing adaptive behavior that is necessary for survival in ever-changing environment. Conscious and unconscious perception is generated by the interaction between many brain regions following the transduction of sensory stimuli. Sensory processing leads to cortical integration of the sensory i...

The locus ceruleus (LC) contains neurons that increase their firing rate (FR) in vitro when exposed to elevated CO(2)/H(+) and have been proposed to influence the respiratory network to make compensatory adjustments in ventilation. Prp57 transgenic mice express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the LC and were used to isolate, culture, and target LC neurons for electrophysiological recording. ...

It is very important to reduce drilling costs because the cost of drilling the wells is approximately 50% in geothermal energy development for electric power generation. Lost Circulation (LC) is serious problem that contributes greatly to the cost of drilling and completion of the geothermal wells. LC also can be the cause of formation collapse and/or stuck drill strings as well as failure in c...

Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is a degenerative disease characterized by the extracellular aggregation of a destabilized amyloidogenic Ig light chain (LC) secreted from a clonally expanded plasma cell. Current treatments for AL revolve around ablating the cancer plasma cell population using chemotherapy regimens. Unfortunately, this approach is limited to the ∼ 70% of patients who do not exhibit...

Background The locus coeruleus (LC) is critical for late-lift cognitive processing by modulating the norepinephrine system, which often first place Alzheimer’s pathology appears. Previous researches have identified that LC was associated with late-life ability. This study aims to investigate whether intrinsic functional connectivity (LC-FC) altered in older adults subjective memory complaints (...

Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in the control of T cell immunity due to their ability to stimulate naive T cells and direct effector function. Murine and human DC are composed of a number of phenotypically, and probably developmentally, distinct subsets, which may play unique roles in the initiation and regulation of T cell responses. The skin is populated by at least two subsets of D...