We established linear and exponential relationships between leaf area (A) and leaf length (L), leaf width (W), W(2), L(2) and LW, in Salix viminalis L. Most relationships were significantly nonlinear, but good fits were obtained with both linear and exponential models. The nonlinear relationship between A and LW differed for leaves from sylleptic and proleptic shoots. Leaves from sylleptic and ...

Net photosynthetic rates (A) of leaves in upper and lower crown layers (A(upper) and A(lower)), leaf area index (LAI), mean tilt angle (MTA), several leaf characteristics, and volume growth were observed in fast- and slow-growing families of a 14-year-old full-sib and half-sib family progeny test of Betula pendula Roth. Each measure of net photosynthetic rate was calculated after correcting mea...

One method to determine past climate has been the use of leaf morphological characteristics of fossil leaves quantified using modern climate and canopy leaf characteristics. Fossil assemblages are composed of abscised leaves, and climate may be more accurately determined by using leaves from leaf litter instead of the canopy. To better understand whether taphonomic processes make a difference i...

Autumn coloring of deciduous broad-leaved trees in northern Japan was found to develop either from the inner part of the crown outward (inner-type), or from the outer part of the crown inward (outer-type). Inner-type trees had early-successional characteristics, whereas outer-type trees had late-successional characteristics. Although alders (Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr. and A. japonica (Thunb.) ...

Leaves are initiated sequentially in precisely ordered patterns throughout the vegetative phase of shoot development by the apical meristem, which maintains itself in the process as an organized unit of cells whose fates within the shoot are not yet determined. Leaves originate relatively uniformly as simple peg-like outgrowths, and subsequently exhibit divergent patterns of determinate growth....

The proportion of the leaf blade, leaf sheath and stem fractions in six rice straw varieties averaged 30, 40 and 30%, respectively. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) of these fractions, estimated by the cellulase-neutral detergent solution procedure, was 503, 513 and 610 g/kg, respectively. The lower IVD of the blade and sheath was due to lower degradation parameters estimated by a simple...