The purpose was to determine if glutamine supplementation would prevent a loss of lean mass in athletes during a 12-day weight reduction program. It was hypothesized that supplementation would spare lean body mass. Subjects (n=18) exercised and dieted to create a 4186kJ·day(-1) energy deficit and a 8372 kJ·day(-1) energy deficit on days 1-5, days 6-12, respectively. The glutamine (GLN) group (n...

BACKGROUND There are competing theories explaining the observed inverse association between obesity and screening prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels: (a) endocrine disturbances related to abdominal obesity influence PSA production and (b) increased plasma volume associated with obesity dilutes PSA. Under the endocrine disturbance hypothesis, fat mass, but not lean mass, and an abdominal dis...

BACKGROUND Recommendations for identifying age-related muscle dysfunction have recently been published. We aimed to compare definitions for clinically relevant weakness and low lean mass proposed by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia project with the definition of sarcopenia proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). METH...

Differential loading patterns during game-based participation may produce or exacerbate strength imbalances between the lower limbs. It is currently unknown whether such imbalances are functionally beneficial or detrimental to performance. This study assessed the influence of lower limb strength and lean mass symmetry on kicking accuracy in Australian Football. Thirty-one Australian footballers...

BACKGROUND Post-menopausal hormone therapy (pHT) induces changes in both body composition and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS In 109 post-menopausal women beginning either tibolone 2.5 mg (n=29), tibolone 1.25 mg (n=42) or estradiol 2 mg plus norethisterone acetate 1 mg (E2 + NETA) (n=38), we assessed body composition, total and regional BMD by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the se...

In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the ability of leucine supplementation to increase the muscle protein fraction synthetic rate and to augment lean body mass or leg lean mass in elderly patients. A literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases up to 31 December 2013 for clinical trials that investigated the administration of...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the relation of precisely measured regional body composition with peripheral and central arterial stiffness in the elderly. METHODS We investigated 648 participants (mean age 69.0 +/- 6.0 years) of the Hoorn Study, a population-based cohort study. Trunk fat, leg fat, trunk lean and leg lean mass were distinguished by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We used ultrasound t...

background: to examine the effects of soy [in the form of textured soy protein (tsp) and soy-nut] on body composition in elderly women with metabolic syndrome (mets). methods: a 12-week randomized clinical trial was conducted on 75 women between 60-70 years of age with mets in rural health clinics around babol, iran in 2009. the participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups of ...

BACKGROUND Body weight is made up of lean and fat mass and both are involved in growth and development. Impression of these two components in bone density accrual has been controversial. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fat and lean mass and bone density in Iranian children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed o...

Fat and lean body mass have important implications for health and physical functioning in older age, and physical activity is purported to be an important modifiable determinant. However, our evidence-based understanding of its role is limited. We examined the associations of physical activity, assessed both by self-report (using data on leisure time physical activity (LTPA) collected on 4 occa...