Exploratory learning before instruction can benefit understanding, but can also be challenging. Individual differences in response to challenge, such as achievement motivation, may therefore moderate the benefits of exploratory learning. Higher mastery orientation generally leads to increased effort in response to challenge, whereas higher performance orientation leads to withdrawal. Children (...

In this study, we examined the orientation dependency of spatial representations following various learning conditions. We assessed the spatial representations of human participants after they had learned a complex spatial layout via map learning, via navigating within a real environment, or via navigating through a virtual simulation of that environment. Performances were compared between cond...

There is substantial research demonstrating that a student’s motivation for learning can be largely explained in terms of their preferred achievement orientation. This paper explores a case study investigating ICT derived lead indicators of student achievement orientation, and therefore underlying motivations. The study incorporated Tan’s (2009) research on learning dispositions to quantify stu...

Despite the view in the literature on organizational learning that this will enhance firms’ competitive advantage and lead to superior organizational performance, empirical research exploring the relationships between organizational learning and business performance has not been particularly forthcoming. Without such research, the case for the significance of learning organizationally is limite...

This study attempts to investigate the effects of entrepreneurial orientation and learning orientation on SMEs’ performance. A total of 200 SMEs from the electronic and electrical sector, and 250 SMEs from food and beverage industries were chosen randomly. The results of this study show that entrepreneurial orientation dimensions (innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking) and learning ori...

Two experiments were conducted to determine the extent to which perceptual learning transfers between orientation and direction discrimination. Naive observers were trained to discriminate orientation differences between two single-line stimuli, and direction differences between two single-moving-dot stimuli. In the first experiment, observers practiced the orientation and direction tasks along...

Two experiments were conducted to determine the extent to which perceptual learning transfers between orientation and direction discrimination. Naive observers were trained to discriminate orientation diierences between two single-line stimuli, and direction diier-ences between two single-moving-dot stimuli. In the rst experiment, observers practiced the orientation and direction tasks along or...

Test anxiety as a common disorder is a physiological condition in which students experience extreme stress, anxiety and discomfort during and/or before taking a test. This kind of anxiety results from the sense of threats like fear of failure, lack of confidence and setting unattainable goals in learning and wishing to be perfect in academic situation. Resulting anxiety disrupts attention, memo...