Figure 1: Echocardiography showing, a large fistula with a diameter of 7 mm between the right pulmonary artery and the enlarged left atrium (A and B), CT scan showing an epidural hematoma (C). RA: right atrium; LA: left atrium; RPA: right pulmonary artery; AO: aorta; PA: pulmonary artery; RVOT: right ventricular outflow tract. Figure 2: Intraoperative view of the doubly ligated fistula between ...

  Among the present classes of calcium channel blockers, dihydropyridine derivatives are widely used in the therapy of hypertension, angina pectoris and the other cardiovascular diseases. Since the prototype of dihydropyridine derivatives, nifedipine, does not have the optimum pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, several attempts have been made to synthesize other drugs in this ...

BACKGROUND A free-floating ball thrombus in the left atrium is a rare clinical condition. However, the diagnosis of this condition has been facilitated by the advent and development of echocardiography and multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) and several cases have been reported. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 75-year-old woman who had recurrent giant spherical thrombi in the left a...

Cross-sectional echocardiography, combined with injections of contrast into peripheral arm veins, has been used to study 15 patients with atrial septal defects and 10 patients with an intact interatrial septum. Of 11 patients with ostium secundum or sinus venosus atrial septal defects and left-to-right shunts a defect could be visualised in all, and in eight some degree of transfer of contrast ...