Spoken word recognition is achieved via competition between activated lexical candidates that match the incoming speech input. The competition is modulated by prelexical cues that are important for segmenting the auditory speech stream into linguistic units. One such prelexical cue that listeners rely on in spoken word recognition is phonotactics. Phonotactics defines possible combinations of p...

Fisheries in Guinea Bissau contribute greatly to the economy and food security of its people. Yet, as the ability of the country to monitor its fisheries is at most weak, and confronted with a heavy foreign fleet presence, the impact of industrial foreign fleets on fisheries catches is unaccounted for in the region. However, their footprint in terms of catch and value on the small-scale sector ...

OBJECTIVE To produce an expert consensus hierarchy of harm to self and others from legal and illegal substance use. DESIGN Structured questionnaire with nine scored categories of harm for 19 different commonly used substances. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS 292 clinical experts from across Scotland. RESULTS There was no stepped categorical distinction in harm between the different legal and illegal...

1 Introduction In classical generative phonology, phonotactic constraints define the set of possible sound patterns in a given language by restricting the distribution of sounds, e.g. in certain structural positions or next to certain other sounds. Speakers' knowledge of the phonotactic constraints in their language is manifested in various linguistic tasks they perform. Speakers will judge a s...

Listeners often categorize phonotactically illegal sequences (e.g., /dla/ in English) as phonemically similar legal ones (e.g., /gla/). In an earlier investigation of such an effect in Japanese, Dehaene-Lambertz, Dupoux, and Gout (2000) did not observe a mismatch negativity in response to deviant, illegal sequences, and therefore argued that phonotactics constrain early perceptual processing. I...

The timing of consonant clusters in Swedish has been studied intensively. However, from a phonological perspective coda-internal timing with regards to quantity has not yet successfully been studied. This study intends to provide more data on the duration of Swedish consonant clusters: (a) sonorant-sonorant clusters and (b) sonorant-obstruent clusters. In addition consonant clusters illegal in ...

Beginning from a case, this paper focuses on the discussion of “the invalidity of illegal civil conduct”. From the perspective of comparative law, this paper makes theoretical researches on the effectiveness of civil conduct that breaches the law in content. It chiefly analyzes three issues. What is the law that is breached by the illegal civil conduct? Is the “invalidity” “absolute” or “relati...

BACKGROUND China has a national policy regulating the number of children that a woman is allowed to have. The central concept at the individual level application is "illegal pregnancy". The purpose of this article is to describe and problematicize the concept of illegal pregnancy and its use in practice. METHODS Original texts and previous published and unpublished reports and statistics were...