نتایج جستجو برای: legislative apportionment
تعداد نتایج: 12503 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
One of the ways to solve the classical apportionment problem (which has been studied chiefly in relation to the apportionment of seats in a chamber of representatives) is the optimization of a discrepancy function; although this approach seems very natural, it has been hardly used. In this paper, we propose a more general formalization of the problem and an optimization procedure for a broad cl...
This paper reviews the recent theoretical literature that analyses the European Union’s policy to eliminate preferential corporate tax regimes and the proposal to introduce a consolidated EU tax base with formula apportionment for the taxation of multinational firms. Since neither proposal includes a harmonisation of corporate tax rates, a core issue is how tax competition between member states...
Although the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microm (PM2.5) and human mortality is well established, the most responsible particle types/sources are not yet certain. In May 2003, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Particulate Matter Centers Program sponsored the Workshop on the Source Apportionment of PM Health Effects. The...
ii Disclaimer The statements and conclusions of this Report are those of the contractor and not necessarily those of the California Air Resources Board. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such products. Abstract A review of source apportionment studies for airborne ...
Abstract In the apportionment problem, a fixed number of seats must be distributed among parties in proportion to voters supporting each party. We study generalization this setting, which can support multiple by casting approval ballots. This approval-based setting generalizes traditional and is natural restriction multiwinner elections, where ballots range over individual candidates instead pa...
This paper has been written aiming at the exploration of the dominant approach of the Iranian criminal policy to medical offences in different legislative, judicial and executive respects. Some resulted findings and outcomes indicate that: firstly; the approach of Iranian legislative criminal policy to cope with medical offences is a punishment-centered, punitive approach without a corrective a...
BACKGROUND Interest in the health effects of particulate matter (PM) has focused on identifying sources of PM, including biomass burning, power plants, and gasoline and diesel emissions that may be associated with adverse health risks. Few epidemiologic studies, however, have included source-apportionment estimates in their examinations of PM health effects. We analyzed a time-series of chemica...
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