conclusions according to the results of this study, the accuracy of the file length in improved digital images showed no significant difference in comparison with the actual file length. materials and methods using an analytical-diagnostic method, an access cavity was prepared in 36 mandibular and maxillary premolar teeth. a file # 15 was inserted into the canal of each tooth until the tip of t...

o bjectives: correct determination of working length is an important step for suc- cess of endodontic therapy. conventional radiography has limitations in providing the accurate location of apical foramen. for this reason, electronic apex locators (eals) were developed to shorten the treatment time and decrease the radiation dose. the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of root zx ea...

The classical Shewhart np-chart that constructed based on the binomial distribution is inappropriate in monitoring over-dispersion and correlated binary data where it tends to overestimate or underestimate the dispersion and subsequently lead to higher or lower false alarm rate in detecting out-of-control signals. Consequently, the np-chart is recommended based on a multiplicative-binomial dist...

Until recently, Toxoplasma gondii was considered to be clonal with very little genetic variability. Recent studies indicate that T. gondii isolates from Brazil are genetically and biologically different from T. gondii isolates from USA and Europe. However, little is known of the genetics of T. gondii strains from Africa. In this study, we genotyped 19 T. gondii isolates from chickens from six A...

The application of genotyping to clinical isolates of Cryptosporidium has increased significantly our knowledge and understanding of the distribution and epidemiology of this parasite. However, some methods can be laborious and demand specialist technical expertise. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques represent a more rapid and simple method of genotyping to support e...

Spoligotyping has been suggested as a screening test in multistep genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Relying on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with IS6110 (IS6110 RFLP analysis) as a "gold standard," we performed a comparative evaluation of spoligotyping and ligation-mediated PCR (LMPCR), a recently described PCR-based typing method, as rapid screening t...

Approximately 10% of the Brazilian indigenous population lives in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), where a large number of new cases of tuberculosis (TB) are reported. This study was conducted to assess TB occurrence, transmission and the utility of TB diagnosis based on the Ogawa-Kudoh (O-K) culture method in this remote population. The incidence of TB was estimated by a retrospective rev...

OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of correctly identifying fetal gender from 11 to 14 weeks' gestation. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study in a university Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, London. A total of 524 women from an unselected population underwent a detailed assessment of fetal anatomy at 11-14 weeks of gestation (confirmed by crown-rump length) by means of tra...

A PCR assay targeting the tpi gene was developed to detect and to genotype Giardia lamblia in human feces. Our assay was specific and discriminated between G. lamblia assemblages A and B. G. lamblia cysts isolated from human feces were also analyzed with two previously described PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays, which are based on the detection of tpi or gdh genes. The...