We study the enforcement of competition policy against collusion under Leniency Programs, which give reduced ̄nes to ̄rms revealing information to the Antitrust Authority. Such programs give ̄rms an incentive to break collusion, but may also have a pro-collusive e®ect, since they decrease the expected cost of misbehaviour. We analyze the optimal policy under alternative rules and with homogeneo...

Antitrust authorities have set up leniency programs for firms that denounce collusive agreements in which they have participated. These programs, by inducing reports on collusive agreements, allow to fine participants and can thereby eventually deter collusion. We analyze the impact of reduced fines and positive rewards on the behavior of firms. We propose the use of whistle-blowing mechanisms,...

performance management is an ongoing process of recognizing, measuring, and individual and team performance development and aligning them with the organizational strategic goals (objectives). therefore the employee performance appraisal plays an important part in recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of the employees. on the other hand this task is done by individuals who are likely to make ...