Meiotic recombination, including crossovers (COs) and gene conversions (GCs), impacts natural variation and is an important evolutionary force. COs increase genetic diversity by redistributing existing variation, whereas GCs can alter allelic frequency. Here, we sequenced Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta (Ler) and two sets of all four meiotic products from a Columbia (Col)/Ler hybrid to investigate...

Arabidopsis ecotypes, Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler), differ in their capacity to regenerate shoots in culture, as do many other cultivars and varieties of the same plant species. Recombinant inbred (RI) lines derived from a cross of Col x Ler were scored for shoot regeneration, and the Arabidopsis genome was scanned using composite interval mapping for loci associated with shoot reg...

Statistical variability and reliability due to random discrete dopants (RDD), gate line edge roughness (LER), metal gate granularity and N/PBIT associated random charge trapping has limited the progressive scaling of bulk planar MOSFETs beyond the 20-­‐nm technology ...

BACKGROUND Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common serious complication of cirrhosis, and carries a high morbidity and mortality. Rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment of this condition may improve survival of such patients. OBJECTIVE To validate the diagnostic efficacy of a leukocyte esterase reagent (LER) strip test for rapid, bedside diagnosis of SBP. METHODS We prospectively ...

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infections are characterized by the formation of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions on the surfaces of infected epithelial cells. The genes required for the formation of A/E lesions are located within the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). Ler is the key regulatory factor controlling the expression of LEE genes. Expression of the ler gene is positiv...

Motif parameters were introduced to characterize LER of a nanoscale grating structure. Firstly with electron beam lithography employed the expected nano-scale grating structure with linewidth 16nm was fabricated on positive resist. Then the line edge profiles of the structure were extracted and their LER was characterized. The results showed aforementioned evaluation method is rather simple, ef...

Parameter uctuations found in ultrasmall devices are generally associated with discrete random dopants in semiconductors [1,2]. However, dopants are not the only source of intrinsic uctuations in device characteristics that can impede the traditional scaling approach in sub-100 nm MOSFETs. Other stochastic effects, such as oxide thickness uctuations, can also contribute to variations [3]. Line ...

Dr. Joseph Chen first presented Low Endotoxin Recovery (LER) in April 2013.1 A masking effect of endotoxin was observed with a matrix containing a chelating agent and a detergent, and the endotoxin potency was not successfully recovered by dilution or magnesium replacement, the usual way to overcome the inhibition caused by chelation. The LER brought us some concerns relating to the suitability...

Low Endotoxin Recovery (LER) was first presented by Dr. Joseph Chen in April 2013.1 A masking effect of endotoxin was observed with a matrix containing a chelating agent and a detergent, and the endotoxin potency was not successfully recovered by dilution or magnesium replacement, the usual way to overcome the inhibition caused by chelation. The LER brought us some concerns relating to the suit...