Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy may cause early deep white matter abnormalities on MR imaging that usually progress to include gray matter and basal ganglia change. Toxic leukoencephalopathy due to heroin inhalation predominantly causes cerebellar and posterior cerebral radiologic change. Both conditions rarely present clinically and radiologically in a delayed manner with subsequent recovery. ...

Cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy is a rare hereditary small vessel disease. Ischemic events are the main clinical manifestation of this condition. Here, we present a case in which superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery anastomosis was performed in a patient with cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical inf...

A case is reported of idiopathic CD4+T lymphocytopenia with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cervical lymph node tuberculosis. A 57 year old Japanese man presented with cervical lymphadenopathy and progressive neurological deficits, and six months later he developed akinetic mutism. He had a persistent severely depressed number of circulating CD4+T lymphocytes in the absence of hu...

Delayed neurological deterioration after hypoxia is uncommon. Here we report a case of reversible delayed leukoencephalopathy following intravenous heroin intoxication with hypoxia. A 42-year-old man presented disturbed consciousness and unstable hemodynamic status after intravenous heroin injection. He made a good initial recovery after infection control and hemodynamic support. But his neurol...

Leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a rare disorder that results from structural alterations of cerebral white matter, is characterized by cerebral edema, and can occur in patients of any age. Cranial irradiation and certain chemotherapy agents, especially those used in high-dose protocols, are causal agents. The prevalence of toxic leukoencephalopathy is unknown; however, this syndrome has been re...

BACKGROUND Atypical clinical and imaging findings in Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome are recognized with increasing frequency. CASE REPORT We report a case of an adult in his 5(th )decade immunosupressed with methilprednisolone, tacrolimus and micophenolate who two months after renal transplantation, multiple infections and an episode of humoral rejection became hypertensive...

A 34-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of progressive apathy, executive dysfunction, and memory impairment. Examination revealed moderate frontal dysfunction bipyramidal signs. MRI brain (figure 1) showed symmetric leukoencephalopathy sparing subcortical U-fibers.

The authors describe three patients with reversible leukoencephalopathy associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Rapid progression of neurologic symptoms was followed by dramatic clinical and radiographic improvement. Pathologically, CAA was associated with varying degrees of inflammation ranging from none to transmural granulomatous infiltration. In the appropriate clinical context, ...