In the past decades several definitions of oral leukoplakia have been proposed, the last one, being authorized by the World Health Organization (WHO), dating from 2005. In the present treatise an adjustment of that definition and the 1978 WHO definition is suggested, being : "A predominantly white patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disorder; o...

AIM To compare cyclooxygenase 2 expression (COX2-E) between normal, oral leukoplakia lesions and different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Around 90 paraffin embedded blocks consisting of 45 SCC, 15 leukoplakia and 17 controls were selected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detection of COX2- E. COX2-E was divided in four grades, as A (0-10%), B (11- 40%),...

Background: The disfiguring defects, functional loss and thus the mortality rate in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can be significantly reduced by its early diagnosis. Tumour markers are being studied which could aid in screening, diagnosis, study prognosis and monitor the response to treatment. This research was conducted to study the role of Beta 2 microglobulin (B2M), a tumour marker in...

Silver binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in normal oral mucosa (NOM), oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia (ED), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were studied. The mean AgNOR count per nucleus increased from NOM to ED to OSCC. Tissue showing ED in oral leukoplakia and OSCC cases showed higher counts, wider scatter, and smaller size of AgNOR dots in the nuclei. The study s...

Hansen et al. (1985) described proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) as a distinct entity of leukoplakia, presenting as verrucous, or exophytic lesion with progressive histological changes in sequential biopsies such as hyperkeratosis, different grades of dysplasia, verrucous carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [1]. In 2005, the WHO defined PVL as a rare subtype of oral leukoplakia...

Since its introduction in the literature in 1985, the term proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) has been the subject of an ongoing discussion with regard to its definition. Widespread or multifocal occurrence of oral leukoplakia is not just synonymous to PVL. In the present treatise the proposal is made to require the involvement of more than two oral oral subsites, a total added seizeof t...

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare oral leukoplakia and has four features such as chronic proliferation, multiple occurrences, refractoriness to treatment and high rate of malignant transformation. As mentioned above, most PVL cases processed to malignancy over many years, sometimes 20 years. However, this report described a case of rapid progress, which had malignant transform...

cancer of the oral cavity accounts for approximately 3% of all malignancies diagnosed annually in 270,000 patients worldwide. oral cancer is the 12th most common cancer in women and the 6th in men. many oral squamous cell carcinomas develop from potentially malignant disorders (pmds). lack of awareness about the signs and symptoms of oral pmds in the general population and even healthcare provi...

BACKGROUND Mammalian mismatch repair system is responsible for maintaining genomic stability during repeated duplications, and human MutL homolog 1 (hMLH1) protein constitutes an important part of it. Various isolated studies have reported the altered expression of hMLH1 in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Research is lacking in the quantitative estimation and comp...