Revenue-sharing contracts are a kind of mechanism aimed at improving performance and achieving precise coordination of the supply chain. In this paper, we analyse and develop the revenue-sharing contract model of the three-level supply chain with distributor’s sales effort dependent demand. The paper discusses the impacts of sales efforts on coordination of the supply chain and explains the rea...

In a supply chain with product outsourcing, it is crucial to identify which firm implements corporate social responsibility (CSR) leads higher CSR effort level, quality quantity of outsourced products, and profits for members. response this question, we consider decentralized an upstream contract manufacturer (CM) downstream original equipment (OEM). relationship, the OEM outsources CM determin...

In this research, two risk hedging strategies, the option contract and the advance purchase discount contract, are investigated within a manufacturer–retailer two-echelon supply chain context. This study offers three contributions. First, the optimal decisions under the two contracts from the perspectives of both the manufacturer and the retailer are determined. Second, circumstances under whic...

In supply chain management, achieving effective coordination among manufacturers and retailers has become a pertinent research issue. Supply chain coordination is a joint decision policy achieved by the manufacturer and a retailer. This work proposes ajoint two-level supply chain model with a singlemanufacturer and a single-retailer. The novelty of the proposed model is that the demand is expre...

T paper studies a buyer’s procurement strategies in a two-stage supply chain with price-sensitive demand. The buyer procures a product from a supplier and then sells to the marketplace. Market demand is stochastic and depends on the buyer’s selling price. The supplier’s production cost is private information, and the buyer only knows the distribution of the cost. Both the buyer and the supplier...

This paper studies a buyer’s procurement strategies in a two-stage supply chain with price-sensitive demand. The buyer procures a product from a supplier and then sells to the marketplace. Market demand is stochastic and depends on the buyer’s selling price. The supplier’s production cost is private information, and the buyer only knows the distribution of the cost. Both the buyer and the suppl...

T paper studies the impact of strategic customer behavior on supply chain performance. We start with a newsvendor seller facing forward-looking customers. The seller initially charges a regular price but may salvage the leftover inventory at a lower salvage price after random demand is realized. Customers anticipate future sales and choose purchase timing to maximize their expected surplus. We ...

We investigate an automobile supply chain where a manufacturer and a retailer serve heterogeneous consumers with electric vehicles (EVs) under a government’s price-discount incentive scheme that involves a price discount rate and a subsidy ceiling. We show that the subsidy ceiling is more effective in influencing the optimal wholesale pricing decision of the manufacturer with a higher unit prod...

We investigate an automobile supply chain where a manufacturer and a retailer serve heterogeneous consumers with electric vehicles (EVs) under a government’s price-discount incentive scheme that involves a price discount rate and a subsidy ceiling. We show that the subsidy ceiling is more effective in influencing the optimal wholesale pricing decision of the manufacturer with a higher unit prod...