the linguistic is studying the language different levels, the language is main topic  that the linguistic sisstu dying it. the linguistics has several branches,the stylistics is one of its branches that survey literary works. and stylistic phenomenon is one of the important phenomen as at linguistic studies and it study poetic language because it’s different from the common language. since the ...

Daily returns of nancial assets are frequently found to exhibit positive autocor-relation at lag 1. When specifying a linear AR(1) conditional mean, one may ask how this predictability aaects option prices. We investigate the dependence of option prices on autoregressive dynamics under stylized facts of stock returns, i.e., conditional heteroskedasticity, leverage eeect, and conditional leptoku...

journal of accounting advances (j.a.a) vol. 5, no. 1, 2013, ser. 64/3     extended abstract   an analysis of the effects of growth opportunities on financial leverage of companies listed on tehran stock exchange   dr. s. samadi                  s. soheili                   v. kabiripour isfahan university   introduction the ability of companies in identifying the potential financial sources to ...

Social scientists do not agree on the size and nature of the causal impacts of parental income on children's achievement. We revisit this issue using a set of welfare and antipoverty experiments conducted in the 1990s. We utilize an instrumental variables strategy to leverage the variation in income and achievement that arises from random assignment to the treatment group to estimate the causal...

The performance of principal component analysis (PCA) suffers badly in the presence of outliers. This paper proposes two novel approaches for robust PCA based on semidefinite programming. The first method, maximum mean absolute deviation rounding (MDR), seeks directions of large spread in the data while damping the effect of outliers. The second method produces a low-leverage decomposition (LLD...

The leverage effect has become an extensively studied phenomenon that describes the (usually) negative correlation between stock returns and volatility. All the previous studies have focused on the origin and properties of the leverage effect. Even though most studies of the leverage effect are based on cross-sectional calibration with parametric models, few of them have carefully studied its e...

Speculative episodes typically involve leverage. For example, the well known tulipmania episode was accompanied by the introduction of foward contracts which allowed speculators to take leveraged positions in tulip bulbs. More recently, the Great Crash of 1929 was exacerbated by leveraged trusts which used leverage to buy stocks. These leveraged trusts could in turn be bought on margin which al...