Abstract. The crime rate in Indonesia, especially the city of Padang is very high, since number has soared after Covid-19 pandemic. In its implementation, City regional police have done many things to reduce one type that currently rife among public, namely extortion. event there were illegal levies, this created a problem, people felt aggrieved by increasingly mushrooming levies. With research...

In early Rome, war involved great families and magistrates in an unknown proportion, although the relevance of private warfare can hardly be underestimated. According to traditional literary account, it was king Servius Tullius who firstly summoned army levies Rome. However, a closer look at evidence seems point out substantially different view.

An important puzzle in corporate taxation is that effective tax rates have fallen significantly while tax revenue has simultaneously risen in most countries. Moreover, the gross profitability of firms seems to be lower in high-tax countries, even though standard models of international investment would yield the opposite conclusion. We offer an explanation for these stylized facts by setting up...

An important puzzle in corporate taxation is that effective tax rates have fallen significantly while tax revenue has simultaneously risen in most countries. Moreover, the gross profitability of firms seems to be lower in high-tax countries, even though standard models of international investment would yield the opposite conclusion. We offer an explanation for these stylized facts by setting up...

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect local revenue on development in provinces Aceh, North Sumatra, Riau West Sumatra. population is Provinces Sumatra with observation year 2010 2017. sample selected using saturated method. data processed panel regression statistical test results prove that based simultaneous results, regional taxes, levies, separated wealth other v...

Using a political economy framework, this paper explores the tax-farming nature of China’s fiscally decentralized system and examines why the system incurs a particularly heavy financial burden on peasants. It points out that a political hierarchy, financed by a tax-farming system in China, fails to contain the exploitative behavior of local officials. Such a system results in expenditure devol...

Naturally occurring diarylheptanoid curcumin (CUR), a principal component of the Asian spice turmeric, has been shown to have anti-cancer effects in many tumor types. However, a detailed mechanism regarding CUR induced tumor cell killing remain to be comprehensively explored. Using two head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines FaDu (hypopharyngeal) and Cal27 (tongue), we demonstrated...

This paper examines how a tariff affects firms’ efforts to produce safer foods that are supplied to consumers whose preference for safety of foods are different. I analyze the optimal trade policy for importing country that can impose a tariff or a subsidy on the foods. I show that the raise in tariff rate makes importing country’s firm chooses less effort to produce safer foods but foreign fir...

Both theory and recent trends suggest some optimism for the future of environmentrelated taxes. While new research emphasizes the potentially significant distortions created by environmental taxes and appears to undermine the so-called "double dividend" theory, it also suggests that virtually any environmental policy, including regulations, taxes, and tradable permits, can compound existing dis...