OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of venous thromboembolism from use of combined oral contraceptives according to progestogen type and oestrogen dose. DESIGN National historical registry based cohort study. SETTING Four registries in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS Non-pregnant Danish women aged 15-49 with no history of thrombotic disease and followed from January 2001 to December 2009. MAIN OUTCOME M...

INTRODUCTION The aim was to compare contraceptive use in the Nordic countries and to assess compliance with recommendations from the European Medicines Agency regarding the use of combined oral contraception containing low-dose estrogen and levonorgestrel, norethisterone or norgestimate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data on hormonal contraceptive prescriptions and sales figures for copper intrauterin...

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intrauterine system releasing 20μg levonorgestrel per 24 hours in the longterm treatment of heavy menstrual blood loss in women unrelated to intrauterine pathology. Methods: Sixty parous women aged 35-48 years with recurrent menorrhagia participated in this study. Women were followed-up for at least 12 months (12-16 months). The effect on me...

OBJECTIVE To examine the risk of non-fatal idiopathic venous thromboembolism in current users of a combined oral contraceptive containing drospirenone, relative to current users of preparations containing levonorgestrel. DESIGN Nested case-control study. SETTING UK General Practice Research Database. PARTICIPANTS Women aged 15-44 years without major risk factors for venous thromboembolism...

The objective of this study is to evaluate and elucidated the potential of selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) to be an effective emergency contraception (EC). The data are extracted from the literature through the MEDLINE database service from 2000-2010. The SPRMs are in fact progesterone receptor ligands that could bind to progesterone receptor (PR) and exert antagonistic, agon...

BACKGROUND The use of fertility regulating drugs is limited among various socio-ethnic groups due to limited knowledge about their mechanism of action. This study investigates the effect of levonorgestrel and mifepristone on attachment of human embryos to an in vitro endometrial construct. METHOD Three-dimensional endometrial constructs were established by co-culturing early luteal phase huma...

An emergency contraceptive method is used after coitus but before pregnancy occurs. The use of emergency contraception is largely under-utilized worldwide. One of the main barriers to widespread use is concern about the mechanism of action. Recently, treatment with either 10 mg mifepristone or 1.5 mg of levonorgestrel has emerged as the most effective hormonal method for emergency contraception...

OBJECTIVE To compare the physiologic effects of vaginally and orally administered emergency contraception. DESIGN Prospective, open-label, crossover study. SETTING University research center. PATIENT(S) Nine regularly menstruating volunteers. INTERVENTION(S) Five subjects received 1,000 microg of levonorgestrel with 200 microg of ethinyl E2 (twice the standard Yuzpe regimen dose) vagina...

Emergency contraception is used to prevent pregnancy after a coital act not adequately protected by a regular method of contraception. In contrast to early medical abortion, emergency contraception prevents a pregnancy from starting and does not disrupt an established pregnancy. The most commonly used approaches consist of two oral doses of contraceptive steroids. The levonorgestrel-only regime...