this article studies the generative grammar approach and some other theories driven from it to lexicon and lexical entries. generative grammar is known as a syntax-based theory, so some aspects of language which have been studied in this theory may have been ignored in other theories. this article shows that more attention has been given to lexicon and lexical entries since 50s. we may claim th...

The present study investigated the effect of different types of text simplification (i.e., reducing the lexical and syntactic complexity of texts) on reading comprehension of English as a Foreign Language learners (EFL). Sixty female intermediate EFL learners from three intact classes in Tabarestan Language Institute in Tehran participated in the study. The intact classes were assigned to three...

The Middle English period is well known as one of widespread lexical borrowing from French and Latin, scholarly accounts traditionally assume that this influx loanwords caused many native terms to shift in sense or drop out use entirely. study analyses an extensive dataset, tracking patterns retention, replacement semantic change, comparing long-term outcomes for both non-native words. Our resu...

Multi-word lexical units are a typical feature of specialized dictionaries, in particular monolingual and bilingual maritime dictionaries. The paper studies the concept of the multi-word lexical unit and considers the similarities and differences of their selection and presentation in monolingual and bilingual maritime dictionaries. The work analyses such issues as the classification of multi-w...

This study compares lexical retrieval amongst monolinguals and intermediate bilinguals and advanced bilinguals. It also investigates the possible effects of their language learning strategies on their respective lexical retrieval advantage. The study used a mixed methods design and the groups consisted of 20 Persian near-monolinguals, 20 Persian-English intermediate level bilinguals, and 20 Per...

We present a study that investigates that factors that determine what makes a good lexical substitution. We begin by observing that there is a correlation between the corpus frequency of words and the number of WordNet senses they have, and hypothesise that readers might prefer common, but more ambiguous words over less ambiguous but also less common ones. We identify four properties of a word ...

Sub-categorized arguments introduced by the French preposition pour has been under-studied in previous work, as can be seen from the incompleteness of existing lexical-syntactic resources in that regard. In this paper, we briefly introduce the various types of sub-categorization in pour, which are to be distinguished from occurrences of pour as a discourse connective. We describe how we added a...

Two experiments addressed the question of whether representation in the mental lexicon is a sufficient condition for obtaining the generation effect. Contrary to an earlier report (Nairne, Pusen, & Widner, 1985), our experiments showed that low-frequency words did produce significant retention advantages when generated, but only when items were rated as highly familiar to the subjects; when low...