This article contributes to the debate concerning the identification of politically relevant cases of corruption in a democracy by sketching the basic traits of an original liberal theory of institutional corruption. We define this form of corruption as a deviation with respect to the role entrusted to people occupying certain institutional positions, which are crucial for the implementation of...

Abstract Incumbents often seek to wield power in ways that are formally legal but informally proscribed. Why do voters endorse these grabs? Prior literature focuses on polarization. We propose instead many majoritarian , they view popularly elected leaders’ actions as inherently democratic – even when those undermine liberal democracy. find support for this claim two original survey experiments...

in this essay is trying to study the relation between islam and democracy in model of deep democracy and commmitted democracy. thus, i study this relationin on seven factors of concepts of democracy (political or philosophical), awareness from outside, multi approach to democracy, communinty nd self interaction, communiction, situated self and pluralism, that are beyond of current liberal democ...

Some may recall, or have read about, those heady days when history allegedly ended, as the Berlin Wall collapsed. When the wall came down it seemed to may observers as if, with the end of communism – at least in Europe – the only threat to existing democratic political power was vanquished. Liberal, plural democracy, the open society and open organizations seemed to stretch as a vista into a fu...

The “democratic peace” is not only a fancy idea of academia, most prominently advanced by the philosopher of Enlightenment Immanuel Kant in his famous essay on “Perpetual Peace” (1795), but two hundred years later, is established as a liberal research program in the U.S. International Relations discipline. The famous statement “democracies do not fight each other” seems so far to represent a re...

South Africa’s transition to a democracy — characterized by a liberal constitution, a bill of rights, and attempts to pursue reconciliation rather than revenge — has been widely admired as a paradigm shift in human relationships from seemingly inevitable conflict to a negotiated peace. The challenge of narrowing racial disparities in health care is a formidable one for the new government. 1,2 T...