Key Points: • Complex suspensory injury includes a plethora of ligamentous and associated bony abnormalities. • Accurate diagnosis is confirmed with selective “sub-carpal” and “sub-tarsal” regional perineural analgesic techniques and elimination of distally located limb injuries. • Surgical management includes one or combination of fasciotomy, neurectomy, and bone marrow (stem cell) or other no...

STUDY DESIGN Case series. PURPOSE To present results of conservative management in patients with pure C2 body fractures. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Axis body fractures, a less common subgroup of C2 fractures, are commonly classified as vertical coronal, vertical sagittal, and transverse subtypes. While the treatment paradigm for other C2 fractures is clear, there is insufficient evidence to sup...

PURPOSE. To evaluate the correlation between trochlear dysplasia and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury METHODS. Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 95 knees in 54 males and 36 females aged 4 to 74 (mean, 28) years who had anterior knee pain and suspected ligamentous injury were reviewed. The MRIs were independently reviewed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists on 2 occasions. According to th...

The medial collateral ligament is one of the most commonly injured ligaments of the knee. Most injuries result from a valgus force on the knee. The increased participation in football, ice hockey, and skiing has all contributed to the increased frequency of MCL injuries. Prophylactic knee bracing in contact sports may prevent injury; however, performance may suffer. The majority of patients who...

introduction anterior talofibular ligament (atfl) rupture is the most commonly injured anatomic structure in lateral ankle sprain. in some cases, atfl avulsion fracture from the lateral malleolus may occur instead of purely ligamentous injuries. the atfl avulsion fracture is detected as a small ossicle at the tip of lateral malleolus on direct radiographs, which is called os subfibulare in chro...

Fractures of the distal radius are frequently biarticular injuries and comprise four basic components. Displacement of the key medial fragments and their strong ligamentous attachments (termed the medial complex) is the basis for a useful classification into four fracture types. Optimal management requires precise correlation of articular disruption and prompt recognition and repair of any conc...

• Successful management of traumatic brain injury requires rapid assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of primary in­ juries and avoidance of secondary injuries from hypoxia, hypotension, increased intracranial pressure, and seizures. • Progressive obtundation, pupillary abnormalities, or other lateralizing neurologic findings in combination with intra­ cranial lesions such as epidural hematoma,...