introduction: millions of children less than 5 years old die from pneumonia globally and about 75-70% of these deaths occur in infants. persian and english articles of international and national databases such as “who, scopus and the cochrane, pub med, science direct, wiley, google scholar, sid, iran medex, magiran, med lib and iran doc were searched from 1970 to 2014. result: the factors such ...

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This article mainly seeks to provide a framework to help us reach a better understanding of the nature, causes and grounds of increasing administrative corruption in developing countries. In this regard, the author identifies six approaches to administrative corruption and surveys issues related to the rise of corruption within these context. These approaches include cost-benefit, relative depr...

Mongolia is a poor country that lost 30% of its GDP when the Soviet Bloc collapsed in 1990. Its health care system had the typical weaknesses of centrally planned economies--quantity rather than quality, excessive medical specialisation, dominance of the hospital sector, weak policy and management capabilities, little community participation in decision making, and so on. This paper describes M...