background: myocardial dysfunction is one of the major complications in patients with sepsis where there is a relationship between the blood level of cytokines and the onset of myocardial depression. in many cases of sepsis, the presence of lipopolysaccharide (lps) has been established. lps binding protein (lbp) bound endotoxin is recognized by cd14/toll-like receptor-4 (tlr4) complexes in inna...

background: the pathogenesis of migraine involves immune-mediated mechanisms in the vascular endothelium. toll like receptor 4 (tlr-4) is a signaling receptor of innate immunity which plays a role in various neuropathologies related to neuron inflammation. objective: this case/control study is aimed to investigate whether tlr- 4 896a/g variation is related to migraine headaches in an iranian po...

abstract objective: the previous studies indicated that the tlrs especially toll-like receptor 4) tlr4 (are involved in the process of diabetes. the aim of the present research was to investigate the time course expression pattern of tlr4-a main component of innate immune system- in mrna levels in the heart tissue of diabetic male wistar rats. materials and methods: in this research, adult wist...

background one-third of the world’s population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. investigation of toll-like receptors (tlrs) has revealed new information regarding the immunopathogenesis of this disease. toll-like receptors can recognize various ligands with a lipoprotein structure in the bacilli. toll-like receptor 2 and tlr-4 have been identified in association with tuberculosis in...

host genetic factors play a central role in determining the clinical phenotype of human diseases. association between two polymorphic loci in human genome, human leukocyte antigen (hla) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kirs), and genetically complex infectious disease, particularly those of viral etiology, have been historically elusive. hence, defining the influence of genetic di...

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes and binds unmethylated CpG motifs in DNA, which are found in the genomes of bacteria and DNA viruses. In fish, Tlr9 is highly diverse, with the number of introns ranging from 0 to 4. A fish Tlr9 gene containing two introns has been reported to express two alternatively spliced isoforms, namely gTLR9A (full-length) and gTLR9B (with a truncated C'-terminal s...