The period circadian clock 2 (per2) gene plays an important role in modulating the circadian rhythm in the central nervous system. Its protein product, PER2, is mainly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and limbic system, including the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and the hippocampus. PER2 rhythmic expression regulates hypotha...

Other books covering this material are already in print: the four volumes in the Methods in Enzymology series covering nucleic acids spring immediately to mind. The editors justify the production of this book on the grounds that (i) it is inexpensive and, (ii) that the topics dealt with are covered in unusual detail. First, the claim that this volume is inexpensive is misleading. Compared to Me...

Many neurons throughout the rat limbic system discharge in relation to the animal's directional heading with respect to its environment. These so-called head direction (HD) cells exhibit characteristics of persistent neural activity. This article summarizes where HD cells are found, their major properties, and some of the important experiments that have been conducted to elucidate how this sign...

Recent developmental brain imaging studies have demonstrated that negatively coupled prefrontal-limbic circuitry implicates the maturation of brain development in adolescents. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and independent component analysis (ICA), the present study examined functional network coupling between prefrontal and limbic systems and links to self-...

The human body is a fascinating and complex array and composition of protoplasm that is arranged in cells, organs and other substructures. The body has one common goal: to survive. To ensure survival, the body has to be kept intact and protected from the outside world by the largest organ – the skin. Under the skin, a most fascinating array of cells and substructures are systematically and func...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The limbic system, relevant to memory and emotion, is an interesting subject of study in healthy and diseased individuals. It consists of a network of gray matter structures interconnected by white matter fibers. Although gray matter components of this system have been studied by using MR imaging, the connecting fibers have not been analyzed to the same degree. Cerebrospi...

Previous accounts of mammalian brain allometry have relied largely on data from primates, insectivores and bats. Here we examine scaling of brain structures in carnivores, ungulates, xenarthrans and sirenians, taxa chosen to maximize potential olfactory and limbic system variability. The data were compared to known scaling of the same structures in bats, insectivores and primates. Fundamental p...

post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a syndrome causing from a severe traumatic happening that leads to threatened death or injury. ptsd is associated with changes in limbic, hippocampal, and prefrontal cortical region function due to changes in synaptogenesis, dendritic modifying, and neurogenesis. changes in neuron in ptsd patients result from pathophysiological disturbances in inflammato...

Limbic encephalitis is far more common than previously thought. It is not always associated with cancer, and it is potentially treatable. Autoantibodies against various neuronal cell antigens may arise independently or in association with cancer and cause autoimmune damage to the limbic system. Neuroimaging plays a key role in the management of patients with suspected limbic encephalitis by sup...