The complete stress field, including the microstress, the moment-stress, and the line forces are derived for the pure bending of a rigid-plastic beam of rectangular cross-section in the model of strain-gradient plasticity. The workless spherical parts of the microstress and the moment-stress tensors are incorporated in the analysis. Their determination is shown to be of importance for the fulfi...

The standard methodology for measuring loads in long bones is the in situ load cell, which enables direct measurements, but alters the stiffness and mass of the subject bone. Bone loading can also be calculated by applying linear beam theory to measurements from strain gauges affixed to the bone surface. The efficacy of the strain gauge method was assessed in this study by mounting three strain...

Medium-density fiberboards of acceptable quality were made from a mixture of barky chips from 14 southern hardwoods. Boards made from fiber refined at three different plate clearances did not vary significantly in bending, internal bond (IB), or linear expansion. But, lack of replications and the fact that the refiner was not loaded to capacity caused these results to be inconclusive. Increasin...

Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators, also known as artificial muscles, have remarkable properties such as low energy consumption, low weight, low actuation foot-print, compliance and bio-compatibility. Several methodologies have been proposed to model and analyse their quasi-static bending behaviour with negligible attention paid to their dynamic behaviour. We, therefore, report on an enhance...

The circle map is a general non-linear iterated function that maps the circle onto itself. In its standard form it can be interpreted as a simple sinusoidal oscillator which is perturbed by a non-linear term. By varying the strength of the non-linear contribution a rich array of non-linear responses can be achieved, including waveshaping, pitch-bending, period-doubling and highly irregular patt...

In this research paper, the formulation of a new three-dimensional sector element based on the strain approach is presented for plate bending problems and linear static analysis of circular structures. The proposed element has the three essential external degrees of freedom (Ur, Vθ and W) at each of the eight corner nodes. The displaceme...

A non-linear theory is presented for stretching and inplane-bending of isotropic beams which have constant initial curvature and lie in their plane of symmetry. For the kinematics, the geometrically exact one-dimensional (1-D) measures of deformation are specialized for small strain. The 1-D constitutive law is developed in terms of these measures via an asymptotically correct dimensional reduc...

The adoption of bamboo poles in construction can support the reduction carbon dioxide emissions generated by manufacture conventional structural elements produced from unsustainable industrialised materials. This research focuses on study nonlinear softening behaviour and failure mechanism bending through a series experimental tests Moso (Phyllostachys pubescens) Finite Element simulations supp...