The tongue epithelium is one of the most rapidly self-renewing tissues in adult mammals. Multiple stem cell populations are currently believed to exist in tongue epithelia. Keratin 14 (K14) positive cells differentiate into either lingual epithelia or lingual papillae, while ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (NTPDase2) is associated with neural stem cells and astrocyte-like cell...

Kulkarni BV, Mattes RD. Lingual lipase activity in the orosensory detection of fat by humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 306: R879–R885, 2014. First published April 2, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00352.2013.—Lingual lipase generates nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) from dietary fats during oral processing by lipolysis. Lingual lipase in rodents has strong lipolytic activity and plays ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare displacements and stress after en masse retraction of mandibular dentition with lingual and labial orthodontics using three-dimensional (3D) finite element models (FEM). METHODS A 3D FEM of each lower tooth was constructed and located as appropriate to Roth's prescription. The 0.018-in. GAC Roth Ovation labial and Ormco 7th Generation lingual br...

Despite interest in using cross-lingual knowledge to learn word embeddings for various tasks, a systematic comparison of the possible approaches is lacking in the literature. We perform an extensive evaluation of four popular approaches of inducing cross-lingual embeddings, each requiring a different form of supervision, on four typologically different language pairs. Our evaluation setup spans...

Lingual thyroid is a rare anomaly with symptoms such as upper airway obstruction, dysphagia, or hypothyroidism. However, bleeding is a very rare manifestation. This report describes a case of lingual thyroid in women with 28 weeks of amenorrhea and hematemesis, and its course of diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of lingual thyroid is unknown. Although ectopic lingual thyroid is usually ...

---The Bi-Lingual and Mono-Lingual Corpora Information relating to numerous Languages may be duplicated. This leads to slow and inaccurate search results from Bi-Lingual and Mono-Lingual databases. It is essential to structure the Sequences in a fashion that reduces the redundant sequence structure so that the analysis of BiLingual and Mono-Lingual Corpora structure is accurate to help in analy...

OBJECTIVE To assess the labial and lingual alveolar bone thickness in adults with maxillary central incisors of different inclination by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS Ninety maxillary central incisors from 45 patients were divided into three groups based on the maxillary central incisors to palatal plane angle; lingual-inclined, normal, and labial-inclined. Reformatted CBCT im...

Primary lingual dystonia is a rare condition, especially when it is only induced by speaking. Trihexyphenidyl failed to improve the symptoms. Several case series have demonstrated the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injection for the management of focal lingual movement disorders. Only 1 case of botulinum toxin injection for primary lingual dystonia induced by speaking has been reported, but t...

Design/Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the 1-year survival rate of maxillary lingual bonded retainers. A sample of 466 consecutively bonded retainers was evaluated over a 1-year period. Out of that group, 322 had lingual retainers bonded from canine-to-canine, 89 subjects had lingual retainers bonded between the lateral incisors, and 35 subjects had lingual bonded retainers betwee...

Cross-lingual adaptation aims to learn a prediction model in a label-scarce target language by exploiting labeled data from a labelrich source language. An effective crosslingual adaptation system can substantially reduce the manual annotation effort required in many natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we propose a new cross-lingual adaptation approach for document classification ...