Most group decision making (GDM) problems based on linguistic approaches use symmetrically and uniformly distributed linguistic term sets to express experts’ opinions. However, there exist problems whose assessments need to be represented by means of unbalanced linguistic term sets, i.e. using term sets that are not uniformly and symmetrically distributed. The aim of this paper is to present a ...

The goal of this experiment was to investigate the role of visual feedback during written composition. Effects of suppression of visual feedback were analyzed both on processing demands and on on-line coordination of low-level execution processes and of high-level conceptual and linguistic processes. Writers composed a text and copied it either with or without visual feedback. Processing demand...

The development of the ubiquitous logical connectives and and or provides a window into the role of semantics and pragmatics in children’s linguistic development. Previous research has suggested that adults and children might differ in their interpretation of or in two ways. First, unlike adults, children might interpret or as logical conjunction, akin to and. Second, children might interpret o...

We present four sets of NLP-based exercises for which error correction and feedback are produced by means of a rich database in which linguistic information is encoded either at the lexical or at the grammatical level. One exercise type “Question-Answering” utilizes linguistic knowledge and inferential processes on the basis of the output generated by GETARUN, a system for text understanding. G...

Despite the emphasis on effective supervisory feedback formulation postgraduates’ academic writing, our understanding of forms may not be comprehensive without mentoring students’ responses to feedback. Therefore, current case study explores research proposal writing and two in a Malaysian university. Data were collected from written feedback, commenting their text revisions, follow-up intervie...

This paper addresses the issue of how linguistic feedback expressions and head gestures relate to each other. The data are a collection of eight video-recorded Danish map-task dialogues annotated with phonetic and prosodic information. We focus on the analysis of the listeners’ head movements and face expressions and on how they relate to feedback expressions in their different prosodic realisa...

This study investigated the effectiveness of reactive incidental focus on form (FonF) for each learner with regard to different linguistic categories in meaning-oriented EFL classes. To this end, 30 hr of meaningful interactions of upper-intermediate EFL learners were audio-recorded in 2 free discussion classes. Instances of reactive incidental focus-on-form episodes (FFEs), where teachers offe...

This study examines the relationship between length of time since a patient received their first treatment for cancer and feedback they give on that treatment. The analysis is based corpus 214,340 written comments (14,403,694 words) relating to National Health Service (NHS) care in England 2015 2018. Patients are grouped according duration compared terms ratings gave, themes positive negative c...