We give a comprehensive treatment of Sturm–Liouville operators whose coefficients are measures including a full discussion of self-adjoint extensions and boundary conditions, resolvents, and Weyl–Titchmarsh–Kodaira theory. We avoid previous technical restrictions and, at the same time, extend all results to a larger class of operators. Our operators include classical Sturm– Liouville operators,...

In this paper, based on the fractional Riccati equation, we propose an extended fractional Riccati sub-equation method for solving fractional partial differential equations. The fractional derivative is defined in the sense of the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. By a proposed variable transformation, certain fractional partial differential equations are turned into fractional ordinary di...

We derive a sharp, localized version of elliptic type gradient estimates for positive solutions (bounded or not) to the heat equation. These estimates are akin to the Cheng-Yau estimate for the Laplace equation and Hamilton’s estimate for bounded solutions to the heat equation on compact manifolds. As applications, we generalize Yau’s celebrated Liouville theorem for positive harmonic functions...

The quantum-classical Liouville equation describes the dynamics of a quantum subsystem coupled to a classical environment. It has been simulated using various methods, notably, surface-hopping schemes. A representation of this equation in the mapping Hamiltonian basis for the quantum subsystem is derived. The resulting equation of motion, in conjunction with expressions for quantum expectation ...

Oscillation and nonoscillation properties of second order Sturm–Liouville dynamic equations on time scales attracted much interest. These equations include, as special cases, second order self-adjoint differential equations as well as second order Sturm–Liouville difference equations. In this paper we consider a given (homogeneous) equation and a corresponding equation with forcing term. We giv...

At the classical level we study open bosonic strings. A generic description of string self–interactions localized at string ends is given. Self–interactions are characterized by two dimensionless coupling constants. The model is rewritten using complex Liouville fields. Using these Lorentz and reparametrization invariant variables, equations of motion get greatly simplified and reduce to some b...

The Liouville equation of a two-level atom coupled to a degenerate bimodal lossy cavity is unitarily and exactly reduced to two uncoupled Liouville equations. The first one describes a dissipative Jaynes-Cummings model and the other one a damped harmonic oscillator. Advantages related to the reduction method are discussed. 42.50.-p, 42.50.Ct, 42.60.Da, 32.80.-t Typeset using REVTEX 2

We consider the fractional generalizations of Liouville equation. The normalization condition, phase volume, and average values are generalized for fractional case. The interpretation of fractional analog of phase space as a space with fractal dimension and as a space with fractional measure are discussed. The fractional analogs of the Hamiltonian systems are considered as a special class of no...

We construct a numerical scheme based on the Liouville equation of geometric optics coupled with the Geometric Theory of Diffraction (GTD) to simulate the high frequency linear waves diffracted by a corner. While the reflection boundary conditions are used at the boundary, a diffraction condition, based on the GTD theory, is introduced at the vertex. These conditions are built into the numerica...

In this manuscript, a numerical technique is presented for finding the eigenvalues of the regular Sturm-Liouville problems. The Chebyshev cardinal functions are used to approximate the eigenvalues of a regular Sturm-Liouville problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions. These functions defined by the Chebyshev function of the first kind. By using the operational matrix of derivative the problem ...