We evaluated two methods from Roche and Promega for RNA extraction prior to the genotypic detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance by line probe assay (LiPA). Fifty plasma RNA extracts were processed in parallel by LiPA. Results obtained by the Roche method were superior in the proportion of amplified samples, the percentage of mutated samples, and band intensity.

BACKGROUND Microorganisms are the most proficient decomposers in nature, using secreted enzymes in the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. As such, they present the most abundant source for discovery of new enzymes. Acremonium alcalophilum is the only known cellulolytic fungus that thrives in alkaline conditions and can be cultured readily in the laboratory. Its optimal conditions for growth are 30°C...

The resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to drugs is a major cause of antiretroviral treatment failure. We have compared direct sequencing to a line probe assay (LiPA) for the detection of drug resistance-related mutations in 197 clinical samples, and we have investigated the sequential appearance of mutations under drug pressure. For 26 patients with virological failure de...

Although the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) is the most conserved region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome, it has been suggested that interrogation of this region is sufficient for determination of the HCV genotype. We compared two methods of determination of the HCV genotype: (i) direct sequencing of the DNA of the NS-5b region and (ii) reverse line probe assay (LiPA; INNO-LiPA HCV II; I...

An accurate tool for viral typing is important for management of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and to monitor HPV vaccine efficacy. This study evaluated the performance of the HPV sign® Genotyping Test by analyzing 87 archival cervical specimens and compared results with historical data by INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra assay. There was a substantial concordance for HPV det...

Ability of different adjuvants to promote cell mediated immune responses towards 30 kDa secretory protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra was monitored by assessing the lymphocyte proliferation and IgG1/IgG2a subclass profile in mouse model. Six formulations, viz. poly lactide-co-glycolide (PLG) microspheres, dimethyldioctadecyl ammoniumbromide (DDA), liposomes, liposomes containing monopho...

Background. Physical activity guidelines for adults only recognize the health benefits of accumulating bouted moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), or MVPA occurring over at least 10 consecutive minutes. There is a lack of evidence supporting the health benefits of other patterns and intensities of activity including sporadic MVPA (i.e., MVPA occurring in periods of fewer than 10 conse...

Abstract The study investigated the effects of a novel biochar-biofertilizer-vermicompost formulation on rhizosphere soil microbial community and growth mature T. cacao trees planted in three farms provinces Batangas (Lipa) Laguna (Liliw Magdalena), Philippines. Cacao were amended with MYKORICH® (MR) without or 15% bamboo biochar (15% BB) vermicompost. In years span experiment, stem diameter in...

Abstract Background Sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain is common in the workforce. Time use physical behaviors at work such as sitting, standing, low- (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA) may impact on sick pain. However, studies addressing this relationship using technical measures of are scarce. The aim was investigate association between time-use compositions behavior trajecto...

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BD413 produces an extracellular lipase, which is encoded by the lipA gene. Five lipase-deficient mutants have been generated via random insertion mutagenesis. Phenotypic characterization of these mutants revealed the presence of as many as four lipolytic enzymes in A. calcoaceticus. Biochemical evidence classified four of the mutants as export mutants, which presumab...