Varnish and sludge formation are considered as one of the most common problems in lubrication and hydraulic systems. In order to simulate the condition of sludge formation, base stock lubricant (Group 1 API) has been selected and exposed to heat in a laboratory setup. Sludge formation process accelerated in the laboratory scale and solid liquid equilibrium data were extracted. Then solid-liquid...

the modified nrtl (m-nrtl) model is used to represent the excess gibbs free energy of aqueous (alcohol + electrolyte) solutions. in this work, the m-nrtl model previously developed for representation of vapor-liquid equilibria for (polymer + salt + water) systems has been extended to represent liquid-liquid equilibria of (alcohol + salt + water) systems. the proposed extension is a modified of ...