Discourse markers can clearly indicate the organization of discourse, remind the hearer of the preceding and the following contents, and express clearly the concrete speech acts. The aims of this study are to explore the relationship between the discourse-marker-based model and listening comprehension as well as the different effects of such a kind of instruction on liberal arts and science stu...

although decisions or inferences we make based on test scores depend both on characteristics of test-takers and of testing sit- uations, there is just little research which has been undertaken on the effects of these characteristics on test performance (e.g., in’nami, 2006). the effect of listening strategies on listening performance is also unde- niable (vandergrift, 1997). thus, considering t...

Research in second language learning has identified the absence of metacognition among learners as one major problems contributing to students’ inability comprehend listening texts. Moreover, shift remote teaching due COVID-19 made it more crucial for teachers and adapt new modes learning. This accentuates need effective strategy instruction. study conducted at a university Oman, is unique two ...

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