A comparative study of the transport of pyruvate in mitochon dria isolated from normal rat liver and from three tumors has been carried out. The Kmfor net pyruvate uptake in mitochondria isolated from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells is practically equal to that measured in normal rat liver mitochondria while, on the other hand, it is higher in Morris hepatomas 44 and 3924A. The Vm» of pyruvate upt...

Chronic ethanol consumption increases mitochondrial oxidative stress and sensitivity to form the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). The mechanism responsible for increased MPTP sensitivity in ethanol-exposed mitochondria and its relation to mitochondrial Ca(2+) handling is unknown. Herein, we investigated whether increased sensitivity to MPTP induction in liver mitochondria from...

Mitochondria are critical sources of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an important secondary messenger in mammalian cells. Recent work has shown that O2•-/H2O2 emission from individual sites of production in mitochondria is regulated by protein S-glutathionylation. Here, we conducted the first examination of O2•-/H2O2 release rates from cardiac and liver mitochondria isolated from mice deficient for g...

In chronic glucagon-treated ducklings (GT) showing thermogenic and hyperthermic responses without shivering to glucagon test injection and in control ducklings (TN; both aged 44 +/- 1 days and reared at thermoneutrality), subsarcolemmal (S) and intermyofibrillar (I) mitochondria from gastrocnemius muscle and mitochondria from liver were isolated. Respiration and cytochrome oxidase activity were...

Novikoff hepatoma mitochondria were studied with regard to their functional and structural organization. The activities of cytochrome oxidase and malate dehydrogenase in mitochondria purified on sucrose gradients were similar in organdÃ-es derived from normal liver and hepatoma tissue. However, the activities of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase and succinate oxidase in hepatoma...

Phenformin causes lactic acidosis in clinical situations due to inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. It is reportedly taken up by hepatocytes and exhibits mitochondrial toxicity in the liver. In this study, uptake of phenformin and [(14)C]tetraethylammonium (TEA) and complex I inhibition by phenformin were examined in isolated liver and heart mitochondria. Uptake of phenform...

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the molecular basis for mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mitochondrial matrix and membrane fractions were generated from liver, brain, heart, and kidney of wild-type and type 1 diabetic Akita mice. Comparative proteomics was performed using label-free proteome expression analy...

AIMS To examine the correlation between the severity of alcohol induced liver damage and the presence of intracytoplasmic red bodies (defined as periodic acid-Schiff diastase negative, globular, hyaline cytoplasmic inclusions larger in size than the hepatocyte nucleolus). To investigate the incidence of intracytoplasmic red bodies (ICRBs) in non-alcoholic liver disease. METHODS Liver biopsy s...

Intact mitochondria, isolated from regenerating rat liver 2-3 days after partial hepatectomy, are 2.5-3 times more active in amino acid incorporation than mitochondria from control livers. Liver mitochondria from sham-operated animals showed normal amounts of incorporation. Sterile procedures insured low levels of bacterial contamination; cycloheximide was used to eliminate any contribution by ...