Background: Paraquat (PQ), as the most widely used herbicide in agriculture, induces poisoning in humans and animals mainly through oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of nano-curcumin compared with curcumin against PQ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six Wistar rats were used in this study. They were separated into 6 groups...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES It has been reported that some proteins are released from mitochondria during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH), but the relationship between proteins release and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) remains unclear. We undertook this study to demonstrate the changes of mitochondrial ultrastructure and proteins release during liver regeneration and...

The present investigation was undertaken in order to evaluate the contributions of ATP synthesis and proton leak reactions to the rate of active respiration of liver mitochondria, which is altered following dexamethasone treatment (1.5 mg/kg per day for 5 days). We applied top-down metabolic control analysis and its extension, elasticity analysis, to gain insight into the mechanisms of glucocor...

Chronic ethanol consumption increases mitochondrial oxidative stress and sensitivity to form the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). The mechanism responsible for increased MPTP sensitivity in ethanol-exposed mitochondria and its relation to mitochondrial Ca(2+) handling is unknown. Herein, we investigated whether increased sensitivity to MPTP induction in liver mitochondria from...

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major health problem worldwide, and alcohol is well-known to cause mitochondrial damage, which exacerbates alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. No successful treatments are currently available for treating ALD. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms involved in regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in the liver and how these mechanisms may pr...

Apoptosis of human liver cells is commonly found in liver diseases and liver surgery and directly affects their prognosis. Recent studies have found that δ-opioid receptors, abundant in the membranes of hepatic cells, participate in the oncogenesis and progression of liver tumors, viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and other diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the act...

King AL, Swain TM, Dickinson DA, Lesort MJ, Bailey SM. Chronic ethanol consumption enhances sensitivity to Ca -mediated opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and increases cyclophilin D in liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 299: G954– G966, 2010. First published July 22, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00246.2010.— Chronic ethanol consumption increases mitochondrial oxid...

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities of sonically prepared submitochondrial particles of rat liver and Morris Hepatoma 3924A were compared as a function of changes in temperature. On Arrhenius plots, a discontinuity at 18 degrees was observed for the rat liver mitochondrial ATPase, while the hepatoma mitochondrial ATPase revealed a discontinuity at 20.4 degrees. Values for energy of act...

Lanosterol is a precursor for cholesterol, which synthesized primarily in the liver pathway often described as mevalonate or HMG-CoA reductase pathway. The first two steps (formation of acetoacetyl CoA and mitochondrial generation (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) are also associated with oxidation fatty acids.

Understanding liver development should lead to greater insights into liver diseases and improve therapeutic strategies. In a forward genetic screen for genes regulating liver development in zebrafish, we identified a mutant--oliver--that exhibits liver-specific defects. In oliver mutants, the liver is specified, bile ducts form and hepatocytes differentiate. However, the hepatocytes die shortly...