3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) uses single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) in uplink transmission and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme for the downlink. One of the most important challenges for a transceiver design is channel estimation (CE) and equalization. In this paper, a training based least mean square (...

This paper proposes a new method of detecting mis-recognized utterances based on a ROVER-like voting scheme. Although the ROVER approach is effective in improving recognition accuracy, it has two serious problems from a practical point of view: 1) it is difficult to construct multiple automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, 2) the computational cost increase according to the number of ASR s...

silicon thin layers are deposited on glass substrates with the thickness of 103 nm, 147 nm and 197 nm. the layers are produced with electron gun evaporation method under ultra-high vacuum condition. the optical reectance and the transmittance of produced layers were measured by using spectrophotometer. the optical functions such as, real and imaginary part of refractive index, real and imaginar...

This is a research study to explore trends, gaps, and issues in the literature of the usability of Learning Management Systems (LMS). The authors utilized the State-of-the-Art Matrix analysis, which is a research method that has been used extensively in the last decade. It is a systematic evaluation of existing research by using several statistical methods. Pareto analysis and Histograms are pa...

The objective of this work is to reconstruct high quality gray-level images from bilevel halftone images. We develop optimal inverse halftoning methods for several commonly used halftone techniques, which include dispersed-dot ordered dither, clustered-dot ordered dither, and error diffusion. At first, the least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive filtering algorithm is applied in the training of invers...

This work proposes the use of hierarchical LMs as an effective method both for e ciently dealing with contextdependent LMs in a dialogue system and for increasing the robustness of LM estimation and adaptation. Starting from basic LMs that express elementary semantic units, concepts, or data-types, sentence level LMs are recursively built. The resulting LMs may be a combination of grammars, wor...

In this paper, we propose the new fixedsize ordinally-forgetting encoding (FOFE) method, which can almost uniquely encode any variable-length sequence of words into a fixed-size representation. FOFE can model the word order in a sequence using a simple ordinally-forgetting mechanism according to the positions of words. In this work, we have applied FOFE to feedforward neural network language mo...

A new Lp-norm constraint least mean square (Lp-LMS) algorithm with new strategy of varying p is presented, which is applied to system identification in this letter. The parameter p is iteratively adjusted by the gradient method applied to the root relative deviation of the estimated weight vector. Numerical simulations show that this new algorithm achieves lower steady-state error as well as eq...

The objective of this letter is to analyze the effects of frequency mismatch for an adaptive algorithm that becomes the Filtered-X LMS algorithm when the reference signals are purely sinusoidal. The Filtered-X LMS algorithm is often used for active control of acoustic noise. For the case of sinusoidal noise sources, if there is a deviation between the frequency used in the adaptive algorithm an...