In this paper, a bulk micromachined silicon load cell is presented, designed for loads up to 1000 kg. ANSYS simulations were used to determine the load cell dimensions and strain gauge positions. The load cell consists of two parts, which are bonded to each other using Low Temperature Silicon Direct Bonding processes (LTSDB). To isolate the membrane with the sensors from lateral displacements w...

In this paper, a micromachined silicon load cell (force sensor) is presented for measuring loads up to 1000 kg. The sensitive surface of 1 cm2 contains an array of sensing elements to make the load cell insensitive to non-homogeneous load distributions resulting in higher accuracy. The load cell has been realized and tested. Measurement results show an accuracy of 0.2 % of full scale limited by...

OBJECTIVES Among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals, viral load levels tend to increase and CD4(+) cell counts decline over time. We sought to explore the rate of change and influence of other factors associated with these markers of HIV progression. DESIGN An observational cohort collaboration study. METHODS A total of 158 385 pairs of consecutive viral load and CD4(+) cell cou...

objective(s):htlv-1 is the first human retrovirus that has been recognized and is associated with ham/tsp and atll. studies have shown that less than five percent of htlv-1 infected carriers develop ham/tsp or atll and about ninety-five percent remain asymptomatic. therefore, the proviral load with tax may affect cellular genes such as cytokines and oncogenes, as well as involve in pathogenicit...

Objective(s):HTLV-1 is the first human retrovirus that has been recognized and is associated with HAM/TSP and ATLL. Studies have shown that less than five percent of HTLV-1 infected carriers develop HAM/TSP or ATLL and about ninety-five percent remain asymptomatic. Therefore, the proviral load with Tax may affect cellular genes such as cytokines and oncogenes, as well as involve in pathogenicit...

CD8 T cells are a potent tool for eliminating intracellular pathogens and tumor cells. Thus, eliciting robust CD8 T-cell immunity is the basis for many vaccines under development. However, the relationship between antigen load and the magnitude of the CD8 T-cell response is not well-described in a human immune response. Here we address this issue by quantifying viral load and the CD8 T-cell res...