background: streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae) is a gram-positive pathogen bacteria which causes a variety of diseases, including otitis media, bacteremia, and meningitis. cases report : a 19-year-old man with paroxysm was admitted to emergency department of hospital. he was diagnosed with s. pneumoniae meningitis on the basis of an analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood culture. c...

We present a review of the published evidence on the optimal timing for long bone fracture fixation in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI); a matter that remains under debate. Fifteen retrospective articles (level II-3 evidence) were considered suitable for the review. We conclude that the published evidence does not provide a definitive answer to the optimal timing of long bone fracture surger...

Fracture shaft of humerus is a relatively common long bone fracture accounting for 10 percent of long bone fractures. But unlike other long bone fractures, the uniqueness of this fracture is that most fractures are managed conservatively rather than operatively. Excellent functional outcomes and high rates of bony union have been reported by numerous studies for conservatively managed fractures...

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease resulting from inactivating mutations in the gene encoding the protein neurofibromin. NF1 manifests as a heritable susceptibility to tumours of neural tissue mainly located in the skin (neurofibromas) and pigmented skin lesions. Besides these more common clinical manifestations, many NF1 patients (50%) have abnormalities of...

BACKGROUND Fracture risk assessment tools are useful to calculate the long term probability of osteoporotic fracture. However, how it reflects bone quality is unknown. The aim of this study was to correlate the WHO clinical fracture risk assessment tool, FRAX, with bone mechanical properties. METHODS Six patients submitted to hip replacement surgery, either due to osteoporotic fractures or to...

BACKGROUND Effects of estrogen on bone metabolism and its protective role on prevention of osteoporosis are well documented. However, the efficacy of estrogen treatment on bone healing is not well investigated. The drug can be delivered both systemically or locally to the bone with differences in concentrations and side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local and s...

Introduction:Omeprazole (OP) is one the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) agents, and available over the counter in generic formulations. Epidemiological investigations have been confirmed a relationship between long term use of PPI agents and bone metabolism. Bone scintigraphy is commonly used for analysing the bone metabolism in clinical practice. This study was conducted to assess...

BACKGROUND Periprosthetic femoral fractures are becoming increasingly common and are a major complication of total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty. The treatment of periprosthetic femoral fracture after femoral revision using a long stem is more complex and challenging. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical and radiographical features of periprosthetic femoral fractures a...

OBJECTIVES Survival rates are poorer after a second hip fracture than after a first hip fracture. Previous survival studies have included in-hospital mortality. Excluding in-hospital deaths from the analysis allows survival times to be evaluated in community-based patients. There is still a lack of data regarding the effects of subsequent fractures on survival times after hospital discharge fol...