Accepted for publication 1 1 February 1994 Abstract Objectives-To analyse the collagen composition of normal adult human supraspinatus tendon and to compare with: (1) a flexor tendon (the common biceps tendon) which is rarely involved in any degenerative pathology; (2) degenerate tendons from patients with chronic rotator cuff tendinitis. Methods-Total collagen content, collagen solubility and ...

It has been proposed that the long head of the biceps functions as a humeral head depressor and stabilizer. In addition, in many overhead sports, the biceps helps to accelerate and decelerate the arm. With improper training or fatigue, inordinate stresses can be placed on the biceps as it attempts to compensate for other muscles. This can lead to attrition and failure, either within the tendon ...

BACKGROUND The vast majority of biceps tendon ruptures occurs at the proximal insertion and almost always involves the long head. There are several options for long head of biceps (LHB) tenodesis with advantage and disadvantages of each technique. We believe that the suprapectoral LHB tenodesis described in this article enables the restoration of the anatomic length-tension relation in a techni...

INTRODUCTION The biceps femoris long head, one of the muscles of the hamstrings group, is one of the most commonly injured lower-limb muscles. Previous studies have suggested that aponeurosis morphology influences injury susceptibility in muscle [1]. In that study, a model of the biceps femoris long head muscle predicted that the width of the muscle’s proximal aponeurosis greatly affects locali...

The long head of the biceps tendon plays an important role in shoulder stability and its functional absence has been shown to contribute to glenohumeral instability. Congenital absence of the long head to the biceps tendon is rare, although described in the literature. We report the case of an 18-year-old recreational athlete with recurrent shoulder instability and congenital absence of the lon...

When Policy Topic is not covered Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), using either a highor low-dose protocol or radial ESWT, is considered investigational, as a treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, including but not limited to plantar fasciitis; tendinopathies including tendinitis of the shoulder, tendinitis of the elbow (lateral epicondylitis), Achilles tendinitis, and patellar tendi...

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Long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon pathology is a common cause of pain in the shoulder. Pathology encountered includes biceps tendon tears and tendonitis, biceps anchor or superior labral tears, and biceps subluxation or instability. Current surgical treatment options for LHB disorders include tenotomy and tenodesis. Tenodesis prevents cosmetic deformity and biceps cramping with activity. Ope...