One important performance index of routing mechanisms in sensor networks is sensor lifespan. In our settings, sensors are energy-constrained by batteries and located far away from the access point. A sensor dies once its battery dies. Since the radio transmission consumes a lot of energy, researchers proposed several routing mechanisms to save energy to prolong the sensor lifespan. So far, the ...

The subject of wireless networks has recently gained a lot of attention from research community to investigate. The well-organized subdivision of a wireless network into coherent, mostly non-overlapping clusters of physically close nodes is a significant building block in the design of well-organized upper layer network functions such as energy saving, routing, stability, coverage and data aggr...

Semi-supervised clustering under pairwise constraints (i.e. must-links and cannot-links) has been a hot topic in the data mining community in recent years. Since pairwise constraints provided by distinct domain experts may conflict with each other, a lot of research work has been conducted to evaluate the effects of noise imposing on semi-supervised clustering. In this paper, we introduce elite...

K-Means clustering algorithms are used in various practical applications countless times. Original K-Means algorithm select initial centroids randomly it generates unstable cluster as the value of object in cluster depend on the selection of initial cluster means which is done by random selection of objects. The number of times different selection of initial centroids will give number of differ...

Analyses of functional and structural imaging data typically involve testing hypotheses at each voxel in the brain. However, it is often the case that distributed spatial patterns may be a more appropriate metric for discriminating between conditions or groups. Multivariate pattern analysis has been gaining traction in neuroimaging of adult healthy and clinical populations; studies have shown t...

INTRODUCTION Although nursing students spend a large part of their learning period in the clinical environment, clinical learning has not been perceived by its nature yet. To develop an instrument to measure effective factors on clinical learning in nursing students. METHODS This is a mixed methods study performed in 2 steps. First, the researchers defined "clinical learning" in nursing stude...

The concept of Data Clustering is considered to be very significant in various application areas like text mining, fraud detection, health care, image processing, bioinformatics etc. Due to its application in a variety of domains, various techniques are presented by many research domains in the literature. Data Clustering is one of the important tasks that make up Data Mining. Clustering can be...

In the first part of this chapter we present existing work in center based clustering methods. In particular, we focus on the k-means and the k-median clustering which are two of the most widely used clustering objectives. We describe popular heuristics for these methods and theoretical guarantees associated with them. We also describe how to design worst case approximately optimal algorithms f...

In many communities on the urban–rural fringe, subdivisions are subject to “clustering” rules, in which houses must be located on a portion of the total land area and the remainder of the land is left as open space. This open space may be undisturbed forest or pastureland, or it may include recreation facilities and trails. In some communities, the open space may remain in agricultural use as p...