Intranasal instillation techniques are used to deliver various substances to the upper and lower respiratory tract (URT and LRT) in mice. Here, we quantify the relative distribution achieved with intranasal delivery of a nonabsorbable tracer, (99m)Tc-labeled sulfide-colloid. Relative distribution was determined by killing mice after instillation and quantifying the radioactivity in dissected ti...

BACKGROUND Living related kidney transplantation (LRT) is underutilized, particularly among African Americans. The effectiveness of informational and financial interventions to enhance informed decision-making among African Americans with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and improve rates of LRT is unknown. METHODS/DESIGN We report the protocol of the Providing Resources to Enhance African Amer...

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is a rapidly growing national trend in the provision of public transportation. At present, with more than 150 new start rail projects currently in the Federal Transit Authority pipeline, a wide range of alternatives is necessary to fulfill the demand for cost-effective rapid public transportation. As a lower-cost, high-capacity mode of public transportation, BRT can serv...

OBJECTIVE To assess and compare the value of split-liver transplantation (SLT) and living-related liver transplantation (LRT). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA The concept of SLT results from the development of reduced-size transplantation. A further development of SLT, the in situ split technique, is derived from LRT, which itself marks the optimized outcome in terms of postoperative graft function a...

1. Ecologists use statistical models for both explanation and prediction, and need techniques that are flexible enough to express typical features of their data, such as nonlinearities and interactions. 2. This study provides a working guide to boosted regression trees (BRT), an ensemble method for fitting statistical models that differs fundamentally from conventional techniques that aim to fi...

his paper’s intended contribution, in terms of providing an additional angle in the existing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) state-of-the-art knowledge spectrum, is a dual one. On the one hand, it provides a detailed description of the mode, re-deining BRT as an overall concept by identifying, discussing, and categorizing in a systematic way its strengths and its weaknesses in comparison with rail-base...

ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank APTA – American Public Transportation Association ASIF – activity–structure–intensity–fuel BMRC – Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation BRT – bus rapid transit CO 2 – carbon dioxide COPERT – Computer Programme to Calculate Emissions from Road Transport DIESEL – Developing Integrated Emissions Strategies for Existing Land Transport DMC – developing member co...

In addition to classical spinocerebellar pathways, the cerebellum receives information from the spinal cord indirectly via spino-bulbar-cerebellar systems. One of the structures in this pathway is the lateral reticular nucleus (LRt). We performed series of experiments to investigate the organization and neurotransmitter content of spinoreticular tract (SRT) neurons in the lumbar spinal cord tha...

The objective of this paper is to analyze service reliability of bus rapid transit (BRT) taking Changzhou BRT as an example. Headway irregularity, potential waiting time, equivalent waiting time, and reliability buffer time are recommended to measure service reliability of BRT. Temporal and spatial distributions and comparisons are analyzed. Findings are that passengers of Changzhou BRT need to...

BACKGROUND In many medical studies the likelihood ratio test (LRT) has been widely applied to examine whether the random effects variance component is zero within the mixed effects models framework; whereas little work about likelihood-ratio based variance component test has been done in the generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), where the response is discrete and the log-likelihood cannot be ...