Background: The EML4-ALK fusion oncogene is found in 2 to 7% of all non-small cell lung cancers, most which are adenocarcinomas. These rare ALK-positive malignancies represent approximately 4% adenocarcinoma non-small-cell cancer; metastatic spread the breast exceedingly rare, with an incidence between 0.2-3% reported cases. Here we present a case cancer metastasizing first and then spine.

Purpose Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely used to treat lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations or ALK-fusions. However, patients with wild-type genes or TKIs-resistant mutations lack effective therapeutic targets. Extensive studies reveal that super enhancer (SE), a large cis-regulatory element, is associated with key oncogenes in a variety of cancers. By comparing the effe...

We report a case of lung adenocarcinoma in which cystic lesions enlarged and multiloculated over 2 years. Histological examination of the resected specimen found proliferation of nonmucinous adenocarcinoma cells along the alveolar walls, revealing bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma type extension. In cystic lesions, particularly those not associated with inflammation, lung adenocarcinoma, partic...

Lung cancer, including lung adenocarcinoma, is a heterogeneous disease, which evolves from molecular alterations in the airway epithelium. This study explores whether a subtype of lung adenocarcinomas expresses the unique molecular features of human airway basal cells (BCs), and how expression of the airway BC features correlates with the molecular, pathological and clinical phenotype of lung a...

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a multifunctional secretory protein known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is expressed in a variety of cancers. However, little is known about the biological functions of NGAL in the development of lung adenocarcinoma. In the present study, we primarily found that NGAL expression was up-regulated in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Additionally, deple...

Ion channels are known to regulate cancer processes at all stages. The roles of ion channels in cancer pathology are extremely diverse. We systematically analyzed the expression patterns of ion channel genes in lung adenocarcinoma. First, we compared the expression of ion channel genes between normal and tumor tissues in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Thirty-seven ion channel genes were ide...

Accumulating studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act a crucial role in the development of tumors. However, the role of lncRNAs in lung cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that theexpression of RMRP was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared to the matched adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, of 35 lung adenocarcinoma samples, RMRP e...

Estrogen has been postulated to contribute to the development and progression of lung cancer. We examined the epidemiologic evidence, explored the characteristics of estrogen receptors (ER) in lung adenocarcinoma, and investigated the effect of estrogen on lung cancer cell migration, including the signaling pathway involved. For epidemiologic evidence, a total of 1434 consecutive non-small cell...

Lung cancer is the leading cause for cancer-related death, however, the pathogenesis mechanism is poorly understood. Although the rhotekin (RTKN) gene has been reported to encode an effector for the Rho protein that has critical roles in regulating cell growth, the role of RTKN in lung cancer has not been investigated. In clinical lung cancer patient tumor samples, we identified that the RTKN g...

Differential microRNA (miR) expression is described in non-small cell lung carcinoma. miR biogenesis requires a set of proteins collectively referred to as the miR machinery. In the proposed multistep carcinogenesis model, peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung develops from noninvasive precursor lesions known as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). The ...