The lysyl oxidase-like protein 4 (LOXL4) is the latest member of the emerging family of lysyl oxidases, several of which were shown to function as copper-dependent amine oxidases catalyzing lysine-derived cross-links in extracellular matrix proteins. LOXL4 contains four scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains in addition to the characteristic domains of the LOX family, including the copper-bin...

The LOXL2 gene is located on chromosome 8p21.2p21.3 (Jourdan-Le Saux et al., 1998). It is composed of fourteen exons and thirteen introns, distributed through approximately 107 kb of genomic DNA (Fong et al., 2007). Two transcripts of sizes 3.6 kb and 4.9 kb have been reported, with the smaller transcript much more abundant and resulting from three possible termination sites located 690 bp, 740...

The activity of highly purified bovine aortic lysyl oxidase against an insoluble aortic elastin substrate is inhibited by lysine, nonpeptidyl derivatives of lysine, P-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), and aliphatic monoand diamines. Inhibition requires the presence of a primary amino function. Although other stereochemical requirements for inhibition are not unusually rigid, inhibition is sensitive to...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the aminopeptidase B inhibitor, arphamenine A, could affect collagen production and expression in control and TGF-ss1-treated cardiac fibroblasts. DESIGN AND METHODS Cardiac fibroblasts from passage 2 from normal male adult rats were cultured to confluency and incubated with and without 600 pmol/l TGF-ss1 for 2 days in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medi...

The pH-dependent kinetics of lysyl oxidase catalysis was examined for evidence of an ionizable enzyme residue which might function as a general base catalyzing proton abstraction previously shown to be a component of the mechanism of substrate processing by this enzyme. Plots of log Vmax/Km for the oxidation of n-hexylamine versus pH yielded pKa values of 7.0 +/- 0.1 and 10.4 +/- 0.1. The highe...

The collagen telopeptides play an important role for lysyl oxidase-mediated crosslinking, a process which is deregulated during tumour progression. The DEKS motif which is located within the N-terminal telopeptide of the α1 chain of type I collagen has been suggested to adopt a βI-turn conformation upon docking to its triple-helical receptor domain, which seems to be critical for lysyl oxidase-...