A new macro-element useful for finite element approximations to fourth order elliptic problems with curved boundaries is presented. An error analysis is given 2 which shows that these elements achieve 0(h ) accuracy in energy.

We present a construction of nested spaces of C2 macro-elements of degree 5 on triangulations of a polygonal domain obtained by uniform refinements of an initial triangulation and a Powell-Sabin-12 split.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of thyroid gland pathology on macro and trace elements of teeth. Methods: We examined two groups of patients: healthy patients and patients with thyroid disorders. The sample was comprised of 32 extracted teeth for orthodontic and periodontal indications from patients 18 to 50 years old. The changes in macro and micro trac...

The fascial system is an integral part of the musculoskeletal system. It is a three-dimensional network of connective tissue spreading ubiquitously throughout the body, surrounding muscles, bones, internal organs, nerves, vessels, and other structures. The basic biophysical properties of the fascial system are determined by its structure and chemical composition. This study aimed to determine t...

Glossary 5 Introduction 6 Definition of the Subject 7 Various Spline Spaces 8 The B-form Representation of Spline Functions 9 Dimension of Multivariate Spline Spaces 10 Approximation Power of Spline Spaces 11 Construction of Finite Elements 12 and Macro-Elements 13 Multivariate Splines for Scattered Data Fitting 14 Multivariate Splines for Numerical Solution 15 of Partial Differential Equations...

The finite element method (FEM) can be applied to practically analyze the tall buildings in which the shear walls are used to resist the lateral loads. Accordingly, a variety of displacement and strain-based as well as frame macro elements have been proposed for analysis of the tall buildings. With respect to application of the lower order plane stress elements, analytical problems may arise wi...