Marine macrolides that disrupt the actin cytoskeleton are promising candidates for cancer treatment. Here, we present the actin-bound x-ray crystal structures of reidispongiolide A and C and sphinxolide B, three marine macrolides found among a recently discovered family of cytotoxic compounds. Their structures allow unequivocal assignment of the absolute configuration for each compound. A compa...

Macrolides are the first-line treatment against bovine respiratory disease (BRD), and are also used to treat infections in humans. The macrolide, tylosin phosphate, is often included in the diet of cattle as a preventative for liver abscesses in many regions of the world outside of Europe. This study investigated the effects of administering macrolides to beef cattle either systemically through...

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is recognized as the leading cause of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection in children, accounting for a significant proportion pediatric mortality. Macrolides are first-line treatment M. infections. However, extensive use macrolides clinical practice resulted emergence macrolide-resistant (MRMP), which has negative impact on outcomes. Hence, present study,...

The first evidence is presented for the presence of inducible macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin B resistance in Bacteroides species. Different macrolides induced clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides vulgatus RYC18F6, an erythromycin-resistant and clindamycin-susceptible strain. A study of 144 Bacteroides isolates indicated that erythromycin resistance was linked to diminished clindamycin s...

Macrolides and lincosamides are important antibacterials for the treatment of many common infections in cattle and pigs. Products for in-feed medication with these compounds in combination with other antimicrobials are commonly used in Europe. Most recently approved injectable macrolides have very long elimination half-lives in both pigs and cattle, which allows once-only dosing regimens. Both ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common cause of chronic airway infections in patients with pulmonary disorders such as diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and cystic fibrosis (CF). Long-term, low-dose macrolide treatment has markedly increased long-term survival of patients with DPB. Consequently, researchers are interested in using macrolides to treat CF patients. Previous studies have ...

Three pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters--(i) the peak concentration to the minimum inhibitory concentration ratio (C(max)/MIC); (ii) the area under the concentration-time curve to MIC ratio (AUC(24h)/MIC); and (iii) the time the concentration exceeds the MIC (T>MIC)--are important predictors of the clinical efficacy of antibiotics. For antibiotics with pronounced concentration-dependen...

We assessed the in vitro susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients with confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to β-lactams, macrolides and fluoroquinolones and the association of non-susceptibility and resistance with serotypes/serogroups (STs/SGs), patient's risk factors and vaccination status. Samples (blood or lower respiratory tract) were obtained in 2007-2009...

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is increasing in incidence, and is presently responsible for about 1% of emergency medical admissions with an associated mortality of between 5% and 24%. Improving the outcome of CAP is, therefore, a major health priority, but what is the best method to do this? Many audits have shown poor adherence to national guidelines for the management of CAP, with the in...