A finite element model based on the layerwise theory is developed for the analysis of transverse cracking in cross-ply laminated beams. The numerical model is developed using the layerwise theory of Reddy, and the von Kármán type nonlinear strain field is adopted to accommodate the moderately large rotations of the beam. The finite element beam model is verified by comparing the present numeric...

Editorial Nanofluids, or fluid suspensions of nanometer-sized structures, are research challenges of rare potential but daunting difficulty. The potential comes from both scientific and practical opportunities in many fields. The difficulty reflects the issues related to multiscales. Nanofluids involve at least four relevant scales: the molecular scale, the microscale, the macroscale, and the s...

The microstructure of a dry alpine snowpack is a dynamic environment where microstructural evolution is driven by seasonal density profiles and weather conditions. Notably, temperature gradients on the order of 10–20 K m, or larger, are known to produce a faceted snow microstructure exhibiting little strength. However, while strong temperature gradients are widely accepted as the primary driver...

Intuitive self-assembly devices are of great significance to the emerging applications theory. In this paper, a novel intuitive device with an aerodynamic system is fabricated for experiment. Table tennis balls were used as objects be assembled during process. To understand more about system, two experiments designed—the directed assembly experiment was conducted organize specific structure and...