Solar activity varied widely over the 14 year lifetime of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter, and these variations directly affected the properties of the nightside ionosphere. At solar maximum, when solar EUV was largest, the Venus ionosphere was found to extend to highest altitudes and nightward ion transport was the main source of the nightside ionosphere. At solar minimum, nightward ion transport wa...

We present a preliminary experimental study of electrical conductivity imaging using an 11T Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT) system. The primary goal was to evaluate the noise level in measured magnetic flux density data subject to an injection current. We found that the noise level from the 11T system is about 0.2nT whereas it is about 1.4nT using a 3T system. MREIT c...

 Abstract: Local flux may be distorted in many regions of core, although total flux is usually sinusoidal. When attempting to predict the loss distribution in materials operating under localized distorted flux conditions, which occur in machines and transformer cores, it is essential that proper account of the waveform be taken. Moreover for development of new magnetic materials and generation ...

Aims. A novel method of using hard X-rays as a diagnostic for chromospheric density and magnetic structures is developed to infer sub-arcsecond vertical variation of magnetic flux tube size and neutral gas density. Methods. Using Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) X-ray data and the newly developed X-ray visibilities forward fitting technique we find the FWHM and cent...

In this paper the recent Magnetic resonance electrical impedance imaging (MREIT) technique is used to image non-invasively the three-dimensional continuous conductivity distribution of the head tissues. With the feasibility of the human head being rotated twice in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, a continuous conductivity reconstruction MREIT algorithm based on two components of the...

[1] The open magnetic flux of the Sun, the component of the solar magnetic field that forms the heliospheric magnetic field, is known to be concentrated into coronal holes, regions of low plasma density where the solar wind escapes easily. There also is evidence for concentrations of open flux in the vicinity of active regions. In this paper we explore the possibility that there is an additiona...

We investigate the finite temperature expectation values of the charge and current densities for a massive fermionic field with nonzero chemical potential, μ, in the geometry of a straight cosmic string with a magnetic flux running along its axis. These densities are decomposed into the vacuum expectation values and contributions coming from the particles and antiparticles. The charge density i...

the use of magnetic fields in targeted drug delivery, especially for treatment of cancers and tumoral regions, is one of the significant techniques in the field of modern methods of treatment. considering that many vital biological tissues have been located deep in the body, then for targeted drug delivery and effective treatment in these tissues, it is required to bring therapeutic agent to th...

We introduce and apply a method to investigate the force-free character of the photospheric magnetic fields in solar active regions. The vertical current density, inferred from vector magnetograms, is decomposed into a helical (assumed field-aligned) component, and a component perpendicular to the magnetic field. Contrary to the classical method of calculating the integrated Lorentz forces, the...